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The 1905 Revolution

The 1905 Revolution. Sun Mi (Stephanie) Lee, Eun Ji (Amy) Park, Sophie Rustein. Short-Term Causes. Outbreak of Russo-Japanese War, February 1904 Attack on Port Arthur: Feb 1904 – Sep 1905 Russia was defeated by Japan, both on land and at sea Shortages of food and fuel

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The 1905 Revolution

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  1. The 1905 Revolution Sun Mi (Stephanie) Lee, EunJi (Amy) Park, Sophie Rustein

  2. Short-Term Causes • Outbreak of Russo-Japanese War, February 1904 • Attack on Port Arthur: Feb 1904 – Sep 1905 • Russia was defeated by Japan, both on land and at sea • Shortages of food and fuel • Poor conditions for soldiers • “War is the vehicle of Revolution” – Trotsky • Unpopularity of the Tsar • High food prices and other resources • High unemployment rate • Incompetent government

  3. Long-Term Causes • Various existing revolutionary • Socialist Revolutionaries, The Social Democrats (Marxists), Liberals • Poor living standards of peasants and workers • Abject poverty; not enough land to farm on • High taxes • Famines, starvation, population density problem • No political power • Rigid hierarchy – repressive government • Continuous rejection of repressive government • Controlled life for the peasants • Blocked media • Could not participate in politics • Problems with land distribution • Protests were simply repressed instead of making concessions • Continuous famine – 1897, 1898 and 1901 especially • Growth of a middle class • However, it was politically impotent

  4. Bloody Sunday • January 1905 – protests in Putilov Munitions Works in St. Petersburg (later spread to other factories around Russia) • Father Gapon lead 150,000 protesters to the Winter Palace • Men, women and children, petitions in hand • Carried religious photos as well as photos of Nicholas • Police officials and militia order the protest to a halt • When this didn’t work they panicked and shot at the protesters • Estimated number of deaths vary from 100 – 1000 • Thousands injured • Massacre made people believe that the Tsar was a murderer – from ‘Little Nicolas’ to ‘Bloody Nicholas’

  5. Father Gapon • Birth: February 17th, 1870 • Was not a revolutionary • The organizer of a police-sponsored union • Led Bloody Sunday – 150,000 marchers • Popular appeal afterwards • Leading political and radical groups sought his support • Symbol of freedom • Less of a priest –more of a gambling popular leader • Joined the Social Revolutionaries in 1905 • Hanged by them for maintaining his police contacts (April 10th, 1906)

  6. Potemkin Mutiny • Mutiny of the Imperial Navy against the tsarist regime on board of Potemkin, the battleship lasted from June 14 to 25 in 1905 • Long-term Causes : • Successive defeats by the navy of Japan • Brutal treatment • Poor food • Short-term Causes : • The death of a delegate by the commander of the ship, sent to him in order to express discontent about poor quality of their food • A group of sailors dedicated to revolution killed seven of the Potemkin's eighteen officers in order to arouse a massed mutiny of the Black Sea Fleet Soviet poster portraying the 1905 revolution. The caption reads "Glory to the People's Heroes of the Potemkin!"

  7. Potemkin Mutiny • Key Events : • More than 5000 demonstrators gathered at the spot of the funeral of the crew killed by the commander in support of the sailors • Demonstrators were one-sidedly fired by the loyal troops • The crews of Potemkin fired two shells at the headquarters of the imperial military authorities on the next day as well • The Imperial military sent reinforcements in order to suppress their actions but they refused to fire at the battleship as well • Ended as its crews safely settle down at Romania • Significance : • The first attempt to create a revolutionary army • One of the important causes of the revolutionary in 1905 • Having an influence on the revolutionizing process in the Russian army and fleet in 1917

  8. Consequences • October Manifesto • Duma • Soviets • Peasants’ Manifesto • Paved way for 1917 revolution

  9. Revolution? • Not a revolution • Did not result in the overthrow of the Russian monarchy • The soldiers remained loyal to the Tsar • Cossack troops suppressed mutinies • Foreign governments helped Russia’s government • Lacked planning and leadership • “A dress rehearsal for the real revolution of 1917” – Leon Trotsky

  10. Bibliography Bibliography : "Potemkin Mutiny." Wikepedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Aug. 2010. <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potemkin_mutiny>. 1894-1914 Nicholas II – The Last of the Tsars, by Philip Cummins Heinemann Advanced History – Tsarist Russia, 1856-1914 “Communist Russia under Lenin and Stalin” by Chris Corin and Terry Fiehn

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