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First Ten To Begin your notes today: List five things you know about China Human Geography

Learn about China's human geography, the Mandarin and Cantonese dialects, and the history, culture, and economy of this influential country.

samuelthompson
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First Ten To Begin your notes today: List five things you know about China Human Geography

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  1. First Ten To Begin your notes today: List five things you know about China Human Geography

  2. Mandarin or Cantonese? • Mandarin- the official spoken Chinese, is derived from dialect as well. It is based on the one that is widely spoken in the Northern China. • Chinese dialects - Traditionally, there are seven dialect groups in China, which are not always mutually comprehensible. • Cantonese- a major dialect of Southern China where many early Chinese immigrants to America came from. • Cantonese is still the most prevalent dialect in Hong Kong and some Southern China cities like Guangzhou (pronounced gawn-szoh). ***So, should I learn Mandarin or Cantonese?*** Worldwide, there are about 66 million Cantonese speakers. Compare this with Mandarin, which is spoken by about 1 billion people worldwide. With 66 million speakers, Cantonese cannot be considered an impractical language to learn. If your main objective, however, is to do business or travel in Mainland China, you would be better off learning Mandarin.

  3. China – Overview • Huge population – 1.3 billion people in China today, largest in world. • Huge cities - Beijing (15 million) and Shanghai (18 million), Chongqing (12 million) • Ancient culture – first dynasty started in 1600 B.C., almost 4000 years ago! • Communistform of government • Booming economy – 2nd highest GDP in world, leader in low-cost consumer goods. • Still a relatively poor country – Per capita income low, only 110th out of 183 in world. Why is China still relatively poor when it has such a powerful economy?

  4. Demography of China Most populated country - 1.3 Billion people • 70 % live in the eastern provinces • Only 6% live in the Western provinces • 65% live in urban areas. Population divided among 90% Han Chinese, and 56 different minorities. National official language is Mandarin Chinese, numerous other languages spoken as well.

  5. Relative Size of China CHINA Land Area Russia - 6,562,116 sq. miles China - 3,600,947 sq. miles United States - 3,537,439 sq. miles Canada - 3,511,023 sq. miles Total Area (including inland water) Russia - 6,592,772 sq. miles Canada - 3,855,103 sq. miles United States - 3,794,083 sq. miles China - 3,705,407 sq. miles

  6. Who is this man, and what do you know about him?

  7. Notes Begin: History • Many dynasties, civil wars, foreign invasions. • Dynasty – series of rulers from same family • Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) - against foreign domination. • Civil war between Nationalists and Communists from 1927 to 1949. • Chiang Kai-Shek (Nationalist) vs Mao Zedong (Communist) • Communists won, Nationalists escaped to Taiwan. Romance of the Three Kingdoms, attributed to Luo Guanzhong, is a historical novel set amidst the turbulent years near the end of the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history,. The story (part historical, part legend, and part myth) romanticizes and dramatizes the lives of feudal lords and their retainers, who tried to replace the dwindling Han dynasty in China.

  8. Republic of China (1912- 1949) • Chiang Kai-Shek - leader of Nationalist China • Civil war between Nationalists and Communists from 1927 to 1949. • Japanese invasion from 1937 to 1945. • Communists won, Nationalists escaped to Taiwan.

  9. Not in Notes: Communist China (1949 – Present) What is Communism? Do you think it is good or bad? Why? Mao Zedong – leader of communist China (1949-1976) • Cultural Revolution – 1969 return to hardline Communism under Mao • Red Guard – Student protesters who enforced Cultural Revolution. After Mao’s Death (1976-present) • One Child Policy – 1979, limits families to one child If Chinese families want mostly boys, what will happen under such a policy over the long term? • Human Rights Issues – treatment of prisoners, political dissenters, workers in factories

  10. Contributions to World Culture • Cultural Hearth • Silk Road • Historical trade route connecting ancient cultural hearths • 4 Great Inventions • Paper • Compass • Gunpowder • Printing press List these in order of importance to World History and describe why you chose that order.

  11. Economy • Communist leaders wanted to: • Modernize China by encouraging Industry • Government figured out that they could not make all decisions successfully (“flexible and pragmatic” Command Economy) • Hong Kong (economic laboratory for Chinese Government) control returned in 1997 by Great Britain • Adopted some Free-Market Principles (Capitalism) • Supply/Demand and Price not controlled by government

  12. Religion • Founded by Confucius in China • Goal – Seeking harmony with family and society will lead to harmony with the universe. • Proper rituals • Respectful relationships between superiors and inferiors “A place for everything, and everything in its place.” • Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in India • Karma – results of actions • Reincarnation – come back after death • Nirvana – end of suffering “What comes around, goes around.” • Founded by Lao Tzu in China • Tao – the way of the universe • Yin/Yang – active, passive • Goal - Harmony with all things (including nature) “Go with the flow.” BuddhismConfucianismTaoism

  13. Unique Features of China Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is not a continuous wall but is a collection of short walls that often follow the crest of hills on the southern edge of the Mongolian plain. • The Great Wall extends about 5,500 miles. • Other defensive works such as forts, passes and beacon towers were built along the Wall to house auxiliary soldiers, store grain and weapons, and transmit military information. • In c656 B.C., the Chu State wall, called "The Rectangle Wall" was built to protect the Chus from strong neighbors to the north. • Qin Dynasty: the "First" Great Wall: ((221-207 B.C.) • Han Dynasty: the Great Wall is Extended:(206 B.C. to A.D. 24) • 4 Northern and Southern Dynasties: More Walls Added to the Great Wall: (A.D. 386-581) • Ming Dynasty: (1368-1644) • The Great Wall was rebuilt, modified or extended throughout Chinese history for over 2,000 years

  14. Three Gorges Dam Positives: -- Hydroelectric power -- Helps Control flooding Negatives: -- Displaced people and animals

  15. First Emperor’s Army • Platoons of Terracotta clay soldiers were buried with China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang Di, to accompany and protect him during his eternal rest. • Qin Shi Huang Di took the throne in 246 B.C. at the age of 13. By 221 B.C. he had unified a collection of warring kingdoms and took the name of Qin Shi Huang Di—the First Emperor of Qin. • During his rule, Qin standardized coins, weights, and measures; interlinked the states with canals and roads; and is credited for building the first version of the Great Wall.

  16. Current Issues • Population • Most populated country - 1.35 Billion people • Demographics • 1979 China passes law only allowing urban families one child • The government claims that the policy has prevented 400 million births from 1979 to 2010. • Males outnumber Females

  17. One Child PolicyPopulation Control1979 China passes law only allowing families one childRestrictions on marriage, Males 22 and females 20Effects of China’s One Child PolicyIf Chinese families want mostly boys, what will happen under such a policy over the long term?Why would the govt. make a law like this? Could this law be made in the U.S? Should it be?

  18. Current Issues cont… Tibet • Tibet was an independent (1911-1951) Buddhist theocracy, run by monks. • Annexed by China in 1951 after invasion. • Dalai Lama continues to try to free Tibet. • Tibetan independence continues to be a popular cause among westerners and celebrities.

  19. More on Tibet… • Britain took Tibet from China in 1850’s. • Dalai Lama fled to India in 1959. • The Dalai Lama was offered asylum in India and settled in Dharamsala, in northern India. • He was followed into exile by about 80,000 Tibetans, most of whom settled in the same area, which has become known as "Little Lhasa" and is home to the Tibetan government-in-exile. • The Dalai Lama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989, and has become a symbol of peaceful resistance to oppression throughout the world.

  20. More Current Events • China in territorial dispute with South East Asian neighbors – Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei • China in territorial dispute with Japan over portions and fishing rights in East China Sea

  21. Unit 5 Checklist • Hot Terms • Scavenger Hunt • Maps • Physical Geography Notes • China/Japan Geography Comparison Chart

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