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Body Systems

Body Systems. Curriculum Outcomes Addressed

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Body Systems

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  1. Body Systems • Curriculum Outcomes Addressed • • Explain structural and functional relationships between and among cells, tissues, organs, and systems in the human body (304-7)• Describe the basic factors that affect functions/efficiency of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, excretory, and nervous system (304-9)• Describe the science underlying various technologies used to assist or replace unhealthy organs or systems (111-5)• Provide examples of careers that are associated with the health of body systems (112-10)• Describe three examples of the interdependence of various systems of the human body (304-10)

  2. You will learn… • Main human body systems • Major organs and tissues • Diseases and disorders • Technologies and procedures used to replace and/or repair body systems and/or their organs • Careers associated with the maintenance and/or repair of human body systems • Organ system interactions (interconnectedness between two or more organ systems)

  3. Human Body Systems • Circulatory System (Cardiovascular and Lymphatic) • Digestive System • Endocrine System • Excretory System (including the Urinary System) • Integumentary System • Muscular System • Nervous System • Reproductive System • Respiratory System • Skeletal System

  4. 1. Circulatory System

  5. 2. Digestive System

  6. 3. Endocrine System

  7. 4. Excretory (Urinary) System

  8. 5. Integumentary System

  9. 6. Muscular System

  10. 7. Nervous System

  11. 8. Reproductive System

  12. 9. Respiratory System

  13. 10. Skeletal System

  14. Body System Interconnections The human body has been referred to as “the incredible machine.” The body’s systems are interconnected. Each organ system has a different function and yet, they are constantly working in harmony to keep a person alive. Each body/organ system is connected with each other body/organ system in some way – whether they work together, depend on each other, or affect one another in some small way, they are all interconnected and necessary for a healthy, long life. Systems rarely work alone. All of the systems in an organism are interconnected. A simple example is the connection between the circulatory and respiratory systems. As blood circulates through your body, it eventually needs fresh oxygen (O2) from the air. When the blood reaches the lungs (part of the respiratory system), the blood is re-oxygenated. Your stomach, part of the digestive system, constantly interacts with your endocrine system and spreads hormones throughout your body. 

  15. Body System Interconnections • The Skeletal System… • Supports the body and gives skeletal muscles something to pull against so that the skeletal muscles can move (MUSCULAR) • Protects the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder (DIGESTIVE) • Protects trachea, vocal cords and diaphragm (RESPIRATORY) • Protects the heart (rib cage) and the skeletal system’s bone marrow produces red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body (CIRCULATORY) • Protects the kidneys (URINARY) • Protects the brain (skull) and spinal cord (NERVOUS) • Bones provide calcium that is essential for the proper function of the nervous system (NERVOUS)

  16. Body System Interconnections • The Muscular System… • Muscles move bone and tendons connect to bone (SKELETAL) • Smooth muscle found in the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum help along digestion (DIGESTIVE) • Smooth muscle is found in the diaphragm which helps with respiration because of its movement (RESPIRATORY) • Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and allows the heart to expand and contract (CIRCULATORY) • Smooth muscle is found in the bladder (URINARY) • Provides protection for impulses sent down through the body from the brain (NERVOUS) • Smooth muscle surrounds your circulatory and lymph system. Those muscle tissues are spread throughout your body and are involved in controlling your body temperature (CIRCULATORY)

  17. Body System Interconnections • The Digestive System… • Provides nutrients for bone growth and repair (SKELETAL) • Provides nutrients for muscles to do work (MUSCULAR) • Provides the diaphragm with nutrients in order to facilitate breathing (RESPIRATORY) • Provides the heart with nutrients so that the heart can continue beating (CIRCULATORY) • Provides nutrients so that the kidneys can clean your blood of wastes produced by all of the other systems (URINARY) • Provides energy for the brain in order for it to continue controlling all of the other systems (NERVOUS)

  18. Body System Interconnections • The Respiratory System… • Provides oxygen in order for bones to do work and removes carbon dioxide and water that skeletal cells produce as waste (SKELETAL) • Provides oxygen for muscles to do work and removes carbon dioxide and water that muscles produce as a waste product (MUSCULAR) • Provides oxygen for the digestive system and removes carbon dioxide and water as waste products by digestive system (DIGESTIVE) • Your mouth and pharynx are used to swallow and to breathe. There is a branching point where you will find the epiglottis that directs food to your stomach and air to your lungs (DIGESTIVE) • Provides the oxygen that is carried by red blood cells to all parts of the body and removed CO2 & H20 created by heart (CIRCULATORY) • Provides oxygen so the urinary system can clean the body of waste products (URINARY) • Provides oxygen to the brain so that the brain can continue to function properly; connects in your nose for smell (NERVOUS)

  19. Body System Interconnections • The Circulatory System… • Moves oxygen and glucose around to skeletal cells (SKELETAL) • Moves oxygen and glucose around to muscle cells (MUSCULAR) • Moves oxygen and glucose around for cells and moves wastes so that they can be disposed of (DIGESTIVE) • When you breathe, the circulatory system carries oxygen to your cells and carries dissolved carbon dioxide back to the lungs.(RESPIRATORY) • Moves oxygen and glucose around for use in the cells of all systems (RESPIRATORY,URINARY, NERVOUS) • Hormones create by the endocrine system travel through the body via the circulatory system (ENDOCRINE)

  20. Body System Interconnections • The Urinary System… • Cleans the blood of waste products produced by the cells in all systems (SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, DIGESTIVE, CIRCULATORY, URINARY, andNERVOUS) • Blood that circulates through the body passes through one of the two kidneys. Urea, uric acid, and water are removed from the blood and most of the water is put back into the system (CIRCULATORY) • Greatly controlled by the endocrine system; As levels of compounds and fluids are monitored, kidney function must be constantly altered to provide the best internal environment for your cells. If you drink too much water, hormones are released that allow for more urine production. If you are dehydrated, less urine will be produced(ENDOCRINE)

  21. Body System Interconnections • The Nervous System… • The cerebrum and cerebellum in the brain control movement, balance, thinking, etc; the brain regulates the position of bones by controlling muscles (SKELETAL, MUSCULAR) • The spinal cord delivers messages from the brain to the rest of the body (ALL SYSTEMS) • The medulla in the brain stem controls involuntary muscle movement during digestion (DIGESTIVE), during respiration or breathing (RESPIRATORY), and in order to keep a regular heart beat (CIRCULATORY) • The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract (DIGESTIVE) • Baroreceptors send information to the brain about blood pressure (CIRCULATORY) • The medulla in the brain stem involuntary movement that occurs during the cleaning of blood and urination (URINARY)

  22. Body System Interconnections • The Integumentary System… • Skin is an important defense barrier against foreign invaders such as bacteria (ENDOCRINE) • Receptors in the skin send sensory information to the brain (NERVOUS) • Nerves control muscles connected to hair follicles (NERVOUS) • Sweat glands and peripheral blood flow are regulated by the autonomic nervous system (NERVOUS) • Capillaries near the surface of the skin open when your body needs to cool off and close when you need to conserve heat (CIRCULATORY)

  23. Body System Interconnections • The Endocrine System… • The endocrine system is everywhere and the chemicals produced by the system act in a variety of ways on every cell of your body(ALL SYSTEMS) • The circulatory system is the transport system for endocrine information such as hormones and chemicals (CIRCULATORY) • You have a pituitary gland in the base of your skull that releases hormones that control blood pressure and your excretory system (EXCRETORY/URINARY) • You have a thyroid gland in your neck that controls your bone growth rate and metabolism (SKELETAL)

  24. Helpful Resources • Nervous System Interactions with Other Systems http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/organ.html • Organs Systems of the Body – Biology For Kids http://www.biology4kids.com/files/systems_main.html • An Owner’s Guide to the Cellhttp://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/chapter1.html • Games and Quizzes Dealing with Body Systems and Organs http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/index_interactivebody.shtml

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