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!Kung Bushmen

!Kung Bushmen . By Priyanka Tadepalli. History. Lived in semi-permanent camps of 10-30 people Once resources were used up, they moved to new place Lived in southern Africa for thousands of years 2 thousand years ago, the Bantu-speaking people moved into their region and they live together

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!Kung Bushmen

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  1. !Kung Bushmen By PriyankaTadepalli

  2. History • Lived in semi-permanent camps of 10-30 people • Once resources were used up, they moved to new place • Lived in southern Africa for thousands of years • 2 thousand years ago, the Bantu-speaking people moved into their region and they live together • The !Kung people have mostly adapted to the Bantu lifestyle of wages and cultivated gardens

  3. Location • Kalahari Desert in Namibia, Botswana, and Angola • Lived there in the past and continue living there today

  4. Climate • Temperatures during the winter are frequently below freezing, but during the summer are well above 100 degrees F. • Rainfall during the wet season varies from only five to forty inches

  5. Resources • Roots, berries, fruits, and nuts from desert • Game is rare in the region • All of the animal is used: Meat for food, shides are tanned for blankets and bones are cracked for the marrow • Used poison on arrows

  6. Type of Economic Lifestyle • Hunter/gatherer society • Women gathered and took care of children and cooking • Men hunted • No government: Made decisions based on consensus

  7. Decline or Rising Status • After the Bantu speaking people came into !Kung territory, their rich tradition and culture declined • The !Kung Bushmen fell into the ways of permanent housing, gardening, herding goats, and wages • Drought and overgrazing of wild game also caused the decline of these Bushmen

  8. Migration of Culture • The culture started in southern Africa and remains there with the few !Kung Bushmen that still follow tradition • Passed down cultures and traditions through story telling

  9. Government • No real government • Worked out conflicts in a group • Came up with solutions in a group as well

  10. Relationships • Internally: • Everyone worked together in a group • Women gathered and took care of children and home • Men hunted for game • Externally: • Lived mostly isolated from all other societies • Greatly oppressed by Bantu people

  11. Culture • Most of their rituals and lifestyle was based on their spiritual beliefs • Something called a trance dance is a popular social event where people come together to laugh and dance • Had special rituals for hunters so that no one would become arrogant or selfish • Culture was always significant in the !Kung lifestyle because they were isolated from other societies

  12. Contributions • !Kung Bushmen haven’t made any contributions to the world • When oppressed by the Bantu people, the !Kung changed their lifestyle to match the Bantu but gave nothing in return

  13. Religion/Beliefs • Believe celestial bodies (sun, moon, morning star, and the southern cross) are symbols of divinity • Believe praying mantis is a diving messenger • Legends play an important role in the life of the !Kung. Each story is someone's perception of the supernatural. Each tells its own truth, bringing to light some aspect of the divine. • Trance dance gives healing power • They are both animistic and animitistic – believe in personifications and impersonal forces

  14. Music • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0a6gShIToSQ • Used music during rituals and while dancing

  15. Literature • Passed down history, myths, legends, and culture through oral stories and dance

  16. Art • Had rock art

  17. Clothing • Used skin of their game as clothing when very cold • Wore very minimal clothing when it was hot

  18. Customs • Marriage: Intermarried within family and tribe because they were isolated • All births were given outside with the Earth because Earth is considered the first mother of all beings

  19. Cuisine • Mostly roots, and nuts • Game was scarce but also included in their meals

  20. Education • Children are actively socialized with teaching. Ridicule is used for discipline as well as corporal punishment. The !Kung no longer practice male circumcision as initiation to adulthood. Girls still have a brief initiation among the Zhu/oasi group but female circumcision is not practiced. Important events in the family or community are celebrated by the exchange of ritual gifts.

  21. Technology • Used arrows to kill game • Sharp stones to rip apart meat • And fire to cook meat • Did not have a lot of technology

  22. Works Cited • "!Kung Bushman People of Southern Africa -- A Cultural Profile." !Kung Bushman People of Southern Africa -- A Cultural Profile. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 June 2012. <http://orvillejenkins.com/profiles/kung.html>. • WebsiteLinkTagsEditDelete • "The !Kung of the Kalahari Desert." The !Kung of the Kalahari Desert. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 June 2012. <http://www.ucc.uconn.edu/~epsadm03/kung.html>. • WebsiteLinkTagsEditDelete • !Kung People. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 June 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C7%83Kung_people>. • WebsiteLinkTagsEditDelete • Marshall, Lorna. "Marriage among !Kung Bushmen." JSTOR. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 June 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1157925?uid=3739552>. • WebsiteLinkTagsEditDelete • "OneWorld Magazine: Deserts." OneWorld Magazine: Deserts. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 June 2012. <http://www.oneworldmagazine.org/focus/deserts/marsstr1.htm>.

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