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Understanding TCP Congestion Control: Fast Retransmission and Recovery Mechanisms

This guide provides an in-depth look at TCP congestion control mechanisms, focusing on Fast Retransmission and Fast Recovery. We explore how TCP Reno and TCP New Reno handle missing packets using duplicate ACKs and manage congestion through Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance. The details discuss the adjustments to the congestion window (cwnd), the significance of ssthresh, and how timeouts affect packet transmission. Understanding these concepts is crucial for optimizing network performance and ensuring efficient data transmission in TCP.

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Understanding TCP Congestion Control: Fast Retransmission and Recovery Mechanisms

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  1. cwnd = cwnd + 1 . cwnd start FR: cwnd +3 2 Fast Retransmission TCP Reno send missing packet ≥ 3 dup ACK’s ≥ 3 dup ACK’s cwnd = cwnd + 1 ACK ACK send packet send packet Slow Start Congestion Avoidance Fast Recovery cwnd ≥ ssthresh dup ACK cwnd = cwnd + 1 non dup ACK cwnd/2 ( at the start of the Fast Recovery ) start timeout send packet timeout start FR send packet timeout Retransmission Timeout

  2. cwnd = cwnd + 1 . cwnd start FR: cwnd +3 2 cwnd = cwnd 2 Fast Retransmission TCP New-Reno send missing packet ≥ 3 dup ACK’s ≥ 3 dup ACK’s send packet cwnd = cwnd + 1 dup ACK ACK ACK send packet cwnd = cwnd + 1 send packet Slow Start Congestion Avoidance Fast Recovery cwnd ≥ ssthresh start FR 1st non dup ACK cwnd = cwnd/2 all packets not ACKed at the start of the Fast Recovery are ACKed send packet start timeout send packet start FR timeout ACK send packet timeout cwnd = cwnd + 1 Retransmission Timeout

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