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Chapter 13: Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices

Chapter 13: Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices. IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software v4.0. Chapter 13 Objectives. 13.1 Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices 13.2 Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices 13.3 Select laptop components

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Chapter 13: Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices

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  1. Chapter 13: Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software v4.0

  2. Chapter 13 Objectives 13.1 Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices 13.2 Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices 13.3 Select laptop components 13.4 Describe preventive maintenance procedures for laptops 13.5 Describe how to troubleshoot a laptop

  3. Chapter 13 Worksheets and Activity • 13.1.5 Activity: Wireless Technologies • 13.2 Worksheet: Investigating Repair Centers • 13.3.1 Worksheet: Laptop Batteries • 13.3.2 Worksheet: Docking Station • 13.3.3 Worksheet: DVD Drive Research • 13.3.4 Worksheet: Laptop RAM • 13.5.3 Worksheet: Verify Work Order Information

  4. Introduction • With the increase in demand for mobility, the popularity of laptops and portable devices will continue to grow. • A technician should be able to configure, optimize, and troubleshoot laptops, portable devices, docking stations and accessories. • Some laptop manufacturers require technicians complete specialized certification training to perform laptop repairs.

  5. 13.1 Wireless Communication Methods Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices • Bluetooth • Infrared • Cellular WANs • Wi-Fi • Satellite

  6. Bluetooth Technology • A short-range wireless technology designed to eliminate the need for cables between portable or fixed-configuration devices. • Operates at 2.4 to 2.485 GHz in the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, using a spread spectrum, frequency hopping, full-duplex signal at a nominal rate of 1600 hops/sec. • Low power, low cost, and small size. • Uses adaptive frequency hopping. • Adaptive Frequency Hopping allows Bluetooth to adapt to the environment by identifying fixed sources of interference and excluding them from the list of available channels. This process of re-mapping also involves reducing the number of channels to be used by Bluetooth. The Bluetooth Specification requires a minimum set of at least twenty channels.

  7. Bluetooth Technology Range • The operating range depends on the device class: • Class 3 radios – have a range of up to 1meter or 3 feet • Class 2 radios – most commonly found in mobile devices – have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet • Class 1 radios – used primarily in industrial use cases – have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet • The first time that a Bluetooth device connects, the device is authenticated using a personal identification number (PIN). Bluetooth supports both 128-bit encryption and PIN authentication. • Class 2 is the most common.

  8. Infrared (IR) Technology • A short-range, low-throughput wireless technology used as a data transmission medium. • There are four types of IR networks: • Line of sight--signal is transmitted only if there is a clear, unobstructed view between devices • Scatter--signal is bounced off ceilings and walls, transmission rates are lower • Reflective--signal is sent to an optical transceiver and is redirected to the receiving device. • Broadband optical telepoint—transmissioncan handle high-quality multimedia requirements

  9. Infrared (IR) Technology • Infrared light signals operate in the lowest light frequency, typically between 100GHz to 1000THz. • Distances are limited to a few feet or meters. • IR cannot penetrate any object that blocks the light signal. • IR is well suited for connecting devices such as wireless keyboards and mice, printers, and PDAs.

  10. Cellular WAN Technology • Cellular WAN connections are powerful, 2-way wireless networks that have been around since the late 1970s. • Cellular networks operate in one of two ranges: • Approximately 800 MHz • Approximately 1900 MHz • Three generations of cellular WAN include voice-only analog, digital, and high-speed data and voice.

  11. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Technology • Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that provides a simple connection from anywhere within the range of a base station. • Connection distances of 300 feet (91 meters) or more, depending on the environment. • Ease of access makes Wi-Fi a simple solution for network connectivity.

  12. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Technology • There are currently four major Wi-Fi, 802.11 standards: • 801.11a • 802.11b • 802.11g • 802.11n (draft standard) • 802.11g and 802.11n use the 2.4 GHz frequency band. • The 802.11a standard was designed to use the 5.0 GHz frequency band. As a result, 802.11a is not compatible with other 802.11x standards.

  13. Wi-Fi Standards

  14. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Technology • Security • Anyone within the coverage area of a wireless router can potentially gain access to the network. • Never send login or password information using clear, unencrypted text. • Use a VPN connection when possible. • Enable security on home networks. • Use Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) security. • Wi-Fi Protected Access standards (WPA, WPA2) are used to secure Wi-Fi networks. • WPA uses a sophisticated encryption and authentication technology to protect data flow between Wi-Fi devices. • WPA uses a 128-bit encryption key and should be enabled on all wireless devices.

  15. Satellite Technology • Satellite networks are faster than dial-up connections but slower than cable and DSL connections. • Two-way, high-speed Internet access, available in rural and remote areas • Quick file downloads • Satellite dish may be also be used for TV access • Downloading files is faster than uploading files. • Adverse weather conditions can interfere with satellite reception.

  16. Wireless Technologies

  17. 13.2 Repairing Laptops and Portable Devices Customer Replaceable Units Field Replaceable Units Check the warranty

  18. 13.3 Selecting Replacement Components • Retail packaged, or retail box, components usually come with documentation, a full warranty, cables, mounting hardware, drivers, and software. • OEM components are usually sold without packaging. OEM components require the user to locate documentation, software, drivers, and any additional hardware that may be needed.

  19. Selecting Batteries How do you know when you need a new laptop battery? • The signs may not always be apparent, but some are obvious: • Laptop shuts off immediately when AC power is removed • Battery is leaking • Battery overheats • Battery does not hold a charge

  20. Select a Docking Station/Port Replicator • Increase the number of ports available to a laptop. • Convenient to connect the laptop to office network and peripherals.

  21. Select Storage Devices Storage devices are CRUs unless a warranty requires technical assistance. • External USB hard drive • Firewire hard drive • DVD/CD burner

  22. Select Additional RAM Additional RAM speeds up the process by decreasing the number of times the OS reads and writes data to the hard drive swap file. On most laptops, RAM is inserted into slots behind a cover on the underside of the case. However, on some laptops, the keyboard must be removed to access the RAM slots. CAUTION: Before installing RAM, remove the battery and unplug the computer from the electrical outlet to avoid damage related to ESD when you are installing memory modules.

  23. 13.4 Laptop Preventive Maintenance Preventive maintenance should be scheduled at regular intervals to keep laptops running properly. Because laptops are portable, they are more likely to be exposed to harmful materials and situations than desktop computers. • Clean the laptop • case, vents, screen, keyboard • Perform hard drive maintenance • Disk Cleanup • Disk Defragmenter • Update software

  24. Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter The computer can slow down if the operating system is searching through fragmented files. • Windows XP has two programs that help clean up the hard drive: • Disk Cleanup • Disk Defragmenter

  25. File Management and Version Control When moving files from a laptop to a desktop computer, be careful that data copied from one computer does not inadvertently overwrite data on the other computer.

  26. 13.5 Troubleshooting Process Step 1 Gather data from the customer Step 2 Verify the obvious issues Step 3 Try quick solutions first Step 4 Gather data from the computer Step 5 Evaluate the problem and implement the solution Step 6 Close with the customer

  27. 1. Gather Data from the Customer • Customer information • Company name, contact name, address, phone number • Laptop information • Manufacturer, model, OS, network environment, connection type • Description of problem • In the scenario outlined in the student course content, the laptop will not boot.

  28. 2. Verify the Obvious Issues Examine the most obvious causes of a problem. • Is the laptop plugged in with the AC adapter? • Is the battery secure? • Is the power switch turned on? • Have there been any power outages? • Have any cables been unplugged? • Are the cables or connectors damaged?

  29. 3. Try Quick Solutions First A quick solution can save time and money. • Replace the AC power adapter with a known good AC power adapter. • Remove and reinsert the battery, making sure that it is secure and locked in place. • Replace battery with a known good battery.

  30. 4. Gather Data from the Computer After connecting the AC adapter to a power outlet and the laptop still does not boot, • Remove the battery and start the laptop with just the AC adapter connected to a power outlet. • Check the connections inside the laptop case: • Reseat the memory module. • Remove the hard drive and then reinstall it. • Remove any optical drives, such as the CD or DVD drive.

  31. 5. Evaluate Problem & Implement Solution • Evaluate the information gathered from the customer and from the laptop • Determine possible solutions • Implement the best solution Note: Try each solution one at a time. If a solution is tried and the problem is not fixed, then the technician should totally reverse the attempted solution before proceeding to the next step.

  32. 6. Close with the Customer • Discuss with customer the solution implemented. • Have customer verify problem is solved. • Provide all paperwork to customer. • Document steps of solution. • Document components used in repair. • Document time spent to resolve the problem.

  33. Common Problems and Solutions

  34. Apply Troubleshooting Skills • Now that you understand the troubleshooting process, it is time to apply your listening and diagnostic skills. • The worksheet is designed to reinforce your communication skills to verify information from the customer.

  35. Chapter 13 Summary Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices • Describe wireless communication methods • Describe CRU and FRU repairs • Select laptop CRU components • Schedule and perform preventive maintenance • Troubleshoot laptop issue as a level-two technician

  36. Additional Resources • Bluetooth Basics http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Learn/ • Wireless Networking Overview http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html • Wireless Network Technology http://www.northoak-training.com/Wireless.htm • “Infrared” from About.com http://compnetworking.about.com/od/homenetworking/g/bldef_infrared.htm • Wide-Area Wireless Computing from Network Computing http://www.networkcomputing.com/netdesign/wireless1.html • 802.11 Wireless Standards from About.com http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wireless80211/80211_Wireless_Standards.htm • Wi-Fi Alliance http://www.wi-fi.org • Satellite Internet Service Information http://www.high-speed-internet-access-guide.com/satellite/ • Howstuffworks: “How does satellite Internet operate?” http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question606.htm • Cleaning laptop keyboards from Computing.Net http://www.computing.net/howto/simple/keyboard/ • Cleaning a Laptop Computer from About.com http://mobileoffice.about.com/od/usingyourlaptop/a/cleanlaptop.htm • Book: Wireless Home Networking Simplified (Cisco Press book) ISBN #1587201615

  37. Let’s see what you have learned . . . Q: The accounting department has received a new laser printer. According to the printer technical specification, the printer complies with the Bluetooth Class 2 specification. What is the maximum distance that any device could be expected to successfully send print jobs? A: 33 ft. (10 m) Q: Which IEEE 802.11 standard uses 5 GHz technology? A: 802.11a Q: Which type of encryption key should be enabled on WPA-compliant devices? A: 128-bit

  38. Let’s see what you have learned . . . Q: Which two types of batteries should be completely discharged and then fully recharged to remove the charge memory? A: Ni-Cad, NiMH Q: A user reports that his laptop works on AC power, but it is unable to work with the battery alone. What should be done to troubleshoot and fix the problem? A: Replace the battery Q: Which three laptop components should be cleaned during routine maintenance? A: exterior case, cooling vents, keyboard

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