Chinese Influence on Vietnam

1. Chinese Influence on Vietnam China Text Box Chapter 13 (3 of 3) Vietnam

2. Vietnamese a Distinct Culture Unlike the Koreans who seemed content to be dominated by Chinese culture, the Vietnamese did not want to lose their own culture by being conquered by China

3. Chinese First Meet the Viets 1st encounter in 220s B.C.E. when Qin Dynasty of China invaded Vietnam (and later in 111 B.C.E. the Han continue fight and conquer Vietnam) After the invasion, trade increased b/t China and Vietnam (Viets got silk for ivory, pearls, and aromatic woods

4. Did You Know…. The Chinese named the Vietnamese people. They called them Nam Viets, which meant “People of the South” since Vietnam is south of China

5. Chinese Officials and Directly Rule Vietnam Viet elites accepted Chinese rule b/c they knew they could learn a lot from the Chinese Eventually Vietnamese elites were even allowed into the Han bureaucracy

6. China’s Positive Influence Red River As a result of good crop production, Vietnam has a high population density (had enough food to support many people) with most people living along the Red River Thanks to learning Chinese farming techniques, Vietnamese agriculture becomes best in S.E. Asia

7. China’s Positive Influence Red River China’s influence on Vietnamese politics and military gave Vietnam an advantage over it rivals, which were mostly influenced by India

8. But Vietnamese Culture Different From Chinese • Vietnamese strong tradition of village autonomy (self-rule) • Vietnamese lived with nuclear family • Vietnamese women had better status than Chinese • Vietnamese language different and unrelated • Vietnamese had cockfights • Vietnamese chewed betel nuts (Chinese thought gross) • Vietnamese blackened teeth (Chinese also thought gross • Vietnamese art and literature different • Vietnamese even more attached to Buddhism than Chinese

9. Vietnamese Resist Chinese Rule Trung Sisters = led uprising against Chinese rule in 39 C.E. (showed how Vietnamese women disliked China b/c women in China subordinate to men) While Viets learned from the Chinese, they resented the Chinese who thought the Viets were a backwards people

10. Vietnamese Struggle for Independence Vietnamese took advantage when there was turmoil in China (nomadic invasions and civil wars) Vietnamese fought for centuries against Chinese rule before finally getting independence Main Chinese cities far from Vietnam (and separated by mountains)

11. Independence Won! For the next thousand years, Vietnam had to fight off the Chinese and Mongols to remain independent In 939 C.E. Vietnam finally gains independence (shortly after the Tang Dynasty fell from power

12. Vietnamese built Chinese-styled cities and copied Chinese bureaucracy (including the exam system) Bureaucrats studied Confucianism and had high status in society (similar to China), though they never gained as much power as in China Chinese Cultural Influence Still Seen After Independence

13. Local rulers sided with peasants over the scholar elites who were ruling the country (local leaders even assisted in peasant revolts) Text Box Text Box

14. Vietnamese Expansion Once free from China, the Vietnamese drive south to conquer more land Vietnamese Defeat Chams and Khmers to Gain Territory in South They were successful largely thanks to political and military tactics learned from China (people they fought had learned from India)

15. Vietnam Expansion Divides People Capital of Vietnam was up north in Hanoi Hanoi Hanoi leaders found it difficult to rule far away areas down south Over time, people in south intermarried with Chams and Khmers and developed distinct culture (which north Vietnamese thought inferior

16. Southern leaders begin disobeying Vietnamese leaders in Hanoi (ex: stop sending tax payments up north) The Trinh Dynasty ruled north Vietnam (Hanoi) Red River Valley Nguyen Dynasty rises to power to rule south Vietnam Mekong Delta A long civil war breaks out, making Vietnam vulnerable for the French to takeover in the 1800s