1 / 17

Diesel – Electric Vehicles

Diesel – Electric Vehicles. Mike Warmack HC 399 – Hybrid, Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles November 18, 2008. What is diesel? Petroleum diesel (petrodiesel) is a heavy distillate from crude oil Chemical composition ranges from C 9 H 20 to C 16 H 34

sal
Download Presentation

Diesel – Electric Vehicles

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Diesel – Electric Vehicles Mike Warmack HC 399 – Hybrid, Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles November 18, 2008

  2. What is diesel? • Petroleum diesel (petrodiesel) is a heavy distillate from crude oil • Chemical composition ranges from C9H20 to C16H34 • Gasoline ranges between C5H12 and C8H18 • Used in diesel engines, designed by Rudolf Diesel in 1892 • Can alternatively be produced from biomass, coal liquidification Diesel 101 walbrofuelpump.org, Retrieved 11/11/08

  3. How does it compare to gasoline? • Can be produced from hydrocarbons with transesterification • Not as explosive as gasoline, fewer vapors Diesel Gasoline Energy content 129,000 BTU 117,000 BTU Specific gravity 7.09 lbs. / US gal. 6.01 lbs. / US gal. Engine compression 20 : 1 8 : 1 Current avg. price $2.94 / US gallon $2.22 / US Gallon Proportional cost 61 % from crude 67 % from crude Diesel 102 Engine efficiency 40 % 25 % (Otto Cycle) eia.doe.gov, afdc.energy.gov, encarta.msn.com Retrieved 11/11/08

  4. How does it work? • Similar to a gasoline engine’s cycles: • Intake – pulls in air and fuel into the cylinder • Compression – piston reduces the volume • Ignition – a spark plug ignites the gas and volume expands • No spark plug in diesel, combusts under higher compression • Exhaust – piston reduces the volume with valves open Diesel 103 nwwin.com Retrieved 11/11/08

  5. What are the advantages of using diesel? • Fuel Economy • Higher compression ratio results in more efficient combustion • Slower depreciation • Diesel power trains tend to last longer • More torque and power • Good for acceleration and towing • Longer cylinder stroke for compression, larger crankshaft • Tax benefits • Qualify for similar alternative vehicle tax incentives as hybrids • ~ $1,500 tax credit • Biofuels are easy to use • Any diesel vehicle can use biodiesel with simple conversion kit Diesel 201

  6. What are the disadvantages of using diesel? • Vehicle availability (private vehicles) • Higher emission standards are difficult to design for • Fuel availability • Not all service stations carry diesel (private vehicles) • US refineries produce less diesel, smaller supply • Emissions • Less CO2 emissions from more efficient combustion • Particulate and NOx emissions are greater • Price • In private vehicles, diesel can cost $1K-5K more • Emissions controls are expensive • Diesel fuel is taxed more in the United States Diesel 202 autos.yahoo.com Retrieved 11/17/08

  7. Pickup Trucks Mass Transportation motortrend.com, Retrieved 11/17/08 Commercial Trucking Common Diesels portlandonline.com, Retrieved 11/17/08 • Need to haul large loads • Higher torque for towing • Better fuel economy for power driverscdlstaffing.com, Retrieved 11/17/08

  8. What is diesel-electric? • The diesel-electric system is usually serial • Not necessarily hybrid, no energy storage • A diesel engine drives a electric generator • Electric motors are directly connected to propulsion • Why not directly connect the engine to propulsion? • Complex systems necessary to connect to one engine • Extensive gearing required to stay in power band • Why is diesel-electric used? • The diesel is used to generate electricity efficiently • Electric motors don’t need gearing to be efficient Diesel-Electric 101

  9. Shipping – Azimuth Thrusters Rail Locomotives Common Diesel-Electrics siemens.com, Retrieved 11/17/08 Lostworld.pair.com, Retrieved 11/17/08 • Large chassis – Able to house equipment • Large loads – Need lots of power • Multiple drives – Propellers, drive axels • Less aesthetic – For industrial use • Diesel-electric meets all of their needs

  10. Are they different than gasoline-electric hybrids? • Recapture kinetic energy and store for later use • Monitor idling • Will operate in a serial hybrid system • About 25% less fuel consumption • Why current diesel-electrics are ideal for hybrid technology • Able to accommodate additional equipment • Not as concerned about size • Matches efficiency with more efficiency • Other benefits • Smaller engine that is only run at maximum efficiency • Improved acceleration • Quieter, no idling, no startup plume Diesel-Electric Hybrids jcwinnie.biz, Retrieved 11/17/08

  11. Diesel-Electric Hybrid Buses jcwinnie.biz, Retrieved 11/17/08 • Similar buses used in Seattle, San Francisco, Eugene

  12. Projected benefits of diesel-electric hybrid buses • 37% less CO2 • Up to 50% less nitrogen oxide • Up to 50% less particulates • About 25% less fuel consumption • Problems • Not a mature market • Design not perfected • Maintenance facilities will need to train on new tech Diesel-Electric Hybrid Buses jcwinnie.biz, Retrieved 11/17/08

  13. Railpower Technologies – Green Goat • Rail yard switch locomotive • High idle time, stop and go • 2000 HP • 80% reduction of NOx • In production railpower.com, Retrieved 11/17/08 DE Hybrid Locomotives • GE Ecomagination Locomotive • Long-haul locomotive • Equivalent to removing 1/3 cars • Not in production ge.ecomagination.com, Retrieved 11/17/08

  14. Volkswagen Golf TDI Hybrid • Parallel hybrid • 70 mpg • Realistic concept wired.com, Retrieved 11/17/08 Personal Diesel Hybrids • Citeron C4 • Parallel/Dual mode • 69 mpg • Europe in 2010 autoblog.com, Retrieved 11/17/08

  15. Why not invest in all-electrics? • Gap between oil economy and next step • Progression in efficiency • Gasoline -> diesel • Diesel -> diesel-electric • Diesel-electric -> DE hybrids • DE hybrids -> full-electric • Proven technology • Minimal change in infrastructure • Service stations • Delivery • Refining • Better range than electric vehicles • Diesel easier to use in extreme environments • Commercial will resist /never change to 100% electric • Not economic • Compromise with DEH DE Thoughts

  16. Diesel vs. ethanol • Ethanol has about half efficiency of gasoline, third of diesel • Expensive engine controls to convert to ethanol/flexfuel • Biodiesel can be used with minimal conversion to engines • Ethanol has similar profile to gasoline and is closed cycle • Biodiesel can be a closed cycle process • Diesel emissions controls can limit particulates, NOx • Higher diesel cost related to use • Higher cost will encourage efficiency • In turn, better technology • Also, more efficient means of use (train vs. truck) • Greater awareness of environmental impacts • Political will DE Thoughts

  17. http://www.hybridcars.com/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel-electric • http://ge.ecomagination.com • http://www.tdiclub.com/ • http://www.edmunds.com/ • http://www.vw.com/ • http://www.autobloggreen.com/ DE Websites

More Related