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Chapter Thirteen

Chapter Thirteen. Tobacco: The Smoking Challenge. Patterns of Smoking Use. More than 22% of the adult population in the United States are smokers In Canada, rates of smoking are similar (20% aged 15 and older)

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Chapter Thirteen

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  1. Chapter Thirteen Tobacco: The Smoking Challenge

  2. Patterns of Smoking Use • More than 22% of the adult population in the United States are smokers • In Canada, rates of smoking are similar • (20% aged 15 and older) • The decline of smoking in the last 40 years is due largely to public health campaigns on the dangers of smoking • Although smoking in the United States has declined, the rate of decline has been slow since 1990

  3. Smoking and Ethnicity • Smoking is more prevalent among Caucasians (25%) than among African Americans (23%) • The highest rates of smoking occur among Native Americans and Alaska natives (34%) • The lowest smoking rates occur among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (17%) • Women smoke less than men in all ethnic groups

  4. Types of Smokers • A heavy smoker is a person who smokes more than 10 cigarettes a day • A chipper is a person who smokes fewer than 10 cigarettes a day • Social smoking is a practice of smoking regularly but not daily, primarily in social situations • An estimated 30% of today’s smokers are social smokers

  5. Substances in Tobacco • Taris a thick, sticky residue that consists of hundreds of different chemical compounds and contains many of the carcinogenic substances found in tobacco smoke • Carbon Monoxide is an odorless gas that interferes with the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen to vital body organs • Nicotine is the primary addictive ingredient in tobacco and considered a powerful psychoactive stimulant

  6. Different Types of Tobacco Products • Cigarettes • Clove cigarettes • Herbal cigarettes • Bidis (unprocessed, sun-dried Indian tobacco) • Cigars • Pipes • Smokeless Tobacco • Snuff • Chewing tobacco

  7. Short-Term Effects of Tobacco Use • Nicotine effects can reach the brain within 7-10 seconds producing stimulation and sedation • Quickly affects the heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature • Tar and toxins damage olfactory cells, taste buds, and cilia in the throat • Carbon monoxide impairs oxygen delivery and can stay in the blood for 2-4 hours during waking hours and up to 8 hours during sleep

  8. Cardiovascular Disease Cancer Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Emphysema Asthma Chronic Bronchitis Pre-mature skin wrinkling Increased surgical risk Infertility Sexual dysfunction Periodontal disease Ulcers Osteoporosis Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Use

  9. Lung Cancer Heart Disease Respiratory Disease Fertility Problems Menstrual disorders Early menopause Women who smoke during pregnancy are at increased risk for the following: Miscarriage Stillbirths Preterm delivery Low birth weight in infants Perinatal death High risk for SIDS Special Health Risks for Women

  10. Special Health Risks for Men • Greater use of other forms of tobacco places men at higher risk for cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach • Men who smoke also are risk for the following: • Problems with sexual function (impotence) • Fertility (motility and number of sperm)

  11. Benefits of Quitting • Smokers greatly reduce their risk of many health problems when they quit • Health benefits begin immediately and become more significant the longer the individual stays smoke free • Within a year, the risk of heart attack and coronary artery disease is reduced in half • Within 5 years, the risk approaches that of non-smokers • Ex-smokers have a lower risk of cervical and bladder cancer compared to continuing smokers

  12. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) • Smoke from other people’s tobacco products is also known as second hand smoke or passive smoke • Abundant evidence indicates that inhaling this form of smoke has serious health consequences • Nearly 30% of the American population is exposed to this smoke on a regular basis • Sidestream smoke is ETS coming from the burning tobacco product • Mainstream smoke is ETS that has been inhaled and exhaled by the smoker

  13. Why Do People Smoke? • Nicotine Addiction • Behavioral Dependence • Weight Control • Tobacco Marketing and Advertising

  14. Quitting and Treatment Options • Treatment Programs • 20-40% of smokers who enter good treatment programs are able to quit for at least a year • Medications • Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) • Prescription drug (Zyban) • Quitting on your own • Behavior Change Plan • Record your smoking behavior patterns • Analyze your smoking patterns • Establish goals • Prepare to quit • Implement your plan • Prevent relapse

  15. Chapter Thirteen Tobacco: The Smoking Challenge

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