Affixes and Bound Roots

Affixes and Bound Roots

1. Prefixes • non- 非, 无, 不 Nonsense, nongovernmental, non-smoker, non-party • mal-, male- 坏, 错误 Malfunction, maladjustment, malnutrition, malefactor • pseudo- 伪, 假拟, 虚 Pseudonym, pseudoscience, pseudosound, pseudotissue • de- 剥夺, 分离, 向下 Degrade, deforest, decode, deform, denote, dewater

1. Prefixes • dis- 分开, 分离, 否定, 不, 剥夺 Disarm, disable, disinterest, dissimilar, disconnect • anti-, ant- 反对, 抵抗, 防止 Antibody, antihero, antiseptic, antifreeze, antonym • counter- 相反, 相对 Counterculture, countermeasure, counterattack, counteract • en- 使成为, 使处于…状态, 进入、在内, Encage, entrap, enslave, encode, endanger , enable, enrich

1. Prefixes • out- 向外, 在外, 超出, 胜过 Outachieve, outbrave, outweigh, outdate, outdo, outline • pro- 赞成, 在前, 副、代, 向前 Proceed, pro-America, profile, pronoun, produce, profess • sub (p, f, s)- 在下, 次于, 亚, 次 subsoil, subtitle, suffix, suspect, suppress, suffocate • sur-, super- 在…上面, 超 Surface, surname, surplus, survive, supersonic, superman

1. Prefixes • be- 使, 变换词类 Befriend, belittle, behead, becloud, become, befool, behave • syn-, sym-, syl- 合，共， Synchronic, synfuel, sympathy, symbol, syllable, syllabus • mono-, mon- 单一 Monologue, monopoly, monocycle, monograph • uni- 单一 Unify, uniform, unicorn, universe, unilateral, unisexual

2. Suffixes • -crat 某种政体，主义的支持者 Aristocrat, democrat, biocrat, monocrat, bureaucrat, • -eer 从事于…人 auctioneer, musketeer, snacketeer, sloganeer, profiteer, • -ic …者, …师, …有关的 Critic, mechanic, eccentric, alcoholic, electronic, • -ine, 相关, 阴性, 抽象概念 Marine, masculine, heroine, ballerine, medicine, discipline

2. Suffixes • -yer, -ier 从事…职业的人 Lawyer, sawyer, bowyer, cashier, cavalier, brazier • -age 状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称 Shortage, baggage, percentage, linkage, marriage • -hood 资格，身份, 年纪，状态 Adulthood, motherhood, likelihood, masterhood, wifehood • -ice 行为，性质，状态 Notice, justice, service

2. Suffixes • -ish 相象, 类似, 倾向, 国人 Foolish, bookish, cowish, piggish, reddish, British, • -y 结果，状态，性质, …学/术, 小 Honesty, showy, flashy, inquiry, photography, doggy • -esque 像…, 有…特征 Picturesque, Disneyesque, gardenesque, Romanesque • -ly a. 间隔, 相象, 类似 Quarterly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, deadly, lively,

2. Suffixes • -en 使成为, 材料, 小 Shorten, quicken, strengthen, wooden, woolen, chicken • -ful 充满, 充满…所需之量 Careful, mouthful, handful, armful, dishful, spoonful • 表示“小” -et, -en, -ling, -kin, -y, -let Pocket, maiden, duckling, devilkin, puppy, booklet • 带有学术/科技含义 -y, -ics, -ology, -nomy, -graphy Photography, mechanics, biology, astronomy, geography

3. Bound Roots • ced, ceed, cess 行，让步，来，去 Proceed, concede, succeed, exceed, recede, accede • dic, dict 说念，指示 Diction, dictionary, dictate, contradict, indicate, predict • duc, duct 引导，传导 Introduce, produce, conduct, induct, deduct, deduce, • hab, habit, hibit 保持，居住 Habit, prohibit, inhabit, exhibit, inhibit, adhibit, habitant

3. Bound Roots • ject, jet 抛射 Project, reject, object, inject, subject, eject, adj, interject • nom, onym 名字 Antonym, synonym, anonym, nomen, nominal, nominate • sci 认识，知识 Science, conscious, conscience, omniscient, prescient • spec, spect, spic 看，视 Respect, spectator, speculate, conspicuous, inspect

3. Bound Roots • struct 建筑，构造 Construct, structure, destruct, instruct, obstruct • tract 拖拉，吸引 Contract, attract, distract, tractor, abstract, extract • vac, van 空，虚 Vacuum, vacation, vacant, vanity, evacuate, vanish • vers, vert 旋转，反转 Reverse, divert, convert, invert, revert, converse, avert

3. Bound Roots • vid, vis, vey 观看，看见 Visible, television, survey, evident, convey, video, visa • viv, vit 生，活 Vivid, vital, revive, survive, vita (CV), vitamin, vive • tain, ten 容纳，维持 Contain, retain, maintain, retention, maintenance, detain • rect 正，直 Correct, direct, erect, rectangle, rectify, rectum

Affixes and Bound Roots