The Reformation Continues

1. The Reformation Continues Vocab: Calvinism, Council of Trent, Catholic Reformation

2. Calvin Begins Another Protestant Church • John Calvin created a system of Protestant theology. • Calvin taught that men and women are sinful by nature. • Calvin taught that God chooses a few people to save. God chooses at the beginning of time who will be saved. • This theory is called predestination.

3. Calvinism • Believed that government should be run by a religious leader. • 1540 Calvin was invited to govern the city of Geneva. • Ran the city with strict rules. • Calvin’s idea spread throughout Europe. • John Knox brought the religion to Scotland. Their followers were called Presbyterians.

4. Calvinism • 1560 Calvinism became the official religion of Scotland. • In France Calvin’s followers were called Huguenots. Many conflicts between Catholics & Huguenots. • August 24, 1572 up to 12,000 Huguenots were killed.

5. Other Reformers • As Christians began to read the Bible different groups emerged. • Anabaptists were only those people who were old enough to decide to be Christians. • Refused to fight in wars and shared their possessions. • Were persecuted by Catholics & Protestant. • Teachings influenced Quakers & Baptists. • Forerunners of the Mennonites & Amish.

6. Catholic Reformation • Leaders in the Catholic Church led a reform movement. Known as the Catholic Reformation. • Led by Ignatius who while convalescing compared spiritual and physical exercise. • Had many followers and the Pope made the followers an order. They were called The Society of Jesus. Members were called Jesuits.

7. Jesuits • Concentrated on 3 activities : • Superb schools (teachers were trained in classical studies and theology). • Convert non-Christians to Catholicism (missionary) • Stop Protestantism from spreading.

8. Reforming Popes • Popes of the 1500’s took the lead in reform. • Pope Paul III made 4 important steps: • Directed a review on the practice of Indulgence and other abuses in the Church. • Approved the Jesuit order • Used the Inquisition to seek out and punish heresy in the papal territory. • The most important was the calling of The Council of Trent.

9. The Council of Trent • Meeting of Church leaders in Trent, Italy. • Catholic Cardinals & Bishops agreed on new church doctrine: • Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final. Any Christian who went against the church’s teachings was a heretic. • Christians needed faith and good works for salvation. • The Bible & Church were equal authorities. • Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. Selling of indulgences were banned.

10. Results of the Reformation • Protestant churches thrived. • Religion no longer united Europe. • Church power declined individual monarch & state power increased. • Set the stage for the modern world.