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Networks, Network operating systems

Networks, Network operating systems. Networking - Basics. Network defined The difference between Standalone and networked Systems Advantages of networking Disadvantages of networking Why use network To share information To Share hardware and software Centralizing administration.

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Networks, Network operating systems

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  1. Networks, Network operating systems

  2. Networking - Basics • Network defined • The difference between Standalone and networked Systems • Advantages of networking • Disadvantages of networking • Why use network • To share information • To Share hardware and software • Centralizing administration

  3. Types of networks • Classification based on geographical area • LAN • WAN

  4. Local Area Networks • Limited geographic area • High speed and error free data transmission • Not expensive

  5. Wide Area Networks • Connects computers over states, countries etc., • Unlimited geographical coverage • More sophisticated • Connects LANs and MANs • Expensive technology

  6. Network configuration • Classification based on how computers behave in a network • Two classifications are • Peer-to-Peer network • Server based network

  7. Peer-to-Peer network • Nodes provide and request services • User in each node administers resources • No extra investment • Easy to setup • Very weak security • Additional load on nodes

  8. Server based network • Designated computer to administer • Resources centralized • Supports larger networks • Strong security • Expensive

  9. Network hardware • Hub • Cables • Connectors • Switches • Routers

  10. Hub • Standard component in network • Types • Active, Passive • Manageable • Easier administration • Centralized monitoring of network

  11. Cables • Wires the LAN, usually • Transmit signals through network • Different cable considerations according to need • Types • Co-axial • Twisted Pair • Fiber-optic

  12. Co-axial cable • Most trusted in earlier networks • Carries data as electromagnetic signals • Good resistance against interference

  13. Twisted pair • Pair of insulated copper wires • Types • Shielded(STP) • Unshielded(UTP) • UTP common in LAN • Max. cable length – 100 meters

  14. Fiber optic cables • Core – cylinder of glass • Not subject to interference • Transfer rate – more than 100 mbps • Expensive

  15. Connectors for UTP • RJ – 11 and RJ – 45 • RJ11 in telephone cables – 4 cable connections • RJ45 in LAN cables – 8 cable connections

  16. Network adapter card • Prepares data from computer for network and sends • Receives data from network and translates for computer

  17. Using IP address • Two methods • Static addressing • Using DHCP • Two components • Network ID • Host ID • 3 classes • Class A networks • Class B networks • Class C networks

  18. Network troubleshooting • In case of problems • Check Physical connection first • Check power supply in the hub • Check sample packet transfer • Check configuration

  19. Network operating systems • Co-ordinates hardware and software • Ties together all computers and peripherals • Provides security by controlling access to resources and peripherals shared • Manages users

  20. Network operating systems available • Windows NT • Windows server network operating systems • Netware from Novell • Unix • Apple Macintosh

  21. Shares • Sharing allows access to resources over network • Folders and devices are directly shared; not files or programs • Permissions for access can be assigned to users and groups • Level of permission can be varied

  22. Local User Accounts • Enable users to log on and access resources on a specific computer Domain User Accounts • Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to network resources • Reside in Active Directory User accounts Built-in User Accounts • Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain temporary access to network resources • Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts) • Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts)

  23. User Access issues • Domain Logon • Access verification • Grant/deny access

  24. Password Security • Do not use blank passwords • Do not use the Administrator Account • Determine Who Has Control over Passwords (should be users) • How to Use Passwords • Avoid obvious associations, such as a family name • Use long passwords • Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase characters

  25. Installing and using network printer • Involves • Installing the printer • Configuring • Sharing • Administering

  26. This completes the unit Thank you

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