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Russian Leaders and Reforms: From Ivan the Terrible to Catherine the Great

Explore the transformation of Russia through the reigns of Ivan III, Ivan IV, Peter the Great, and Catherine the Great, focusing on Westernization, reforms, and the impact on Russian society. Discover the struggle between tradition and modernization as Russia navigates its path in Europe during the 14th to 18th centuries.

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Russian Leaders and Reforms: From Ivan the Terrible to Catherine the Great

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  1. Building Russia

  2. Who are some of the Russian leaders mentioned in Chapter 18? • Why was Russia in need of reform? What was going on in Europe around 1300-1500ish?

  3. Ivan III (The Great)

  4. Ivan IV (The Terrible)1533-1584 Cossacks boyars

  5. Peter the GreatRomanov Dynasty1689-1725 Think Westernization

  6. Vision of St. Petersburg:“The Window to the West”

  7. “Russia’s Versailles” or “City of Bones”

  8. Westernization of Russia Missed the Renaissance so… • Instituted Secular schools emphasizing math and sciences. • Modernized the Alphabet Missed the Reformation so… • Reorganized the Orthodox Church, being humble he made himself head of it.

  9. St.Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow

  10. Social Reconstruction “Civil” culture • No more Beards • Court dress code • Smoking and Coffee Some reforms didn’t stick, ultimately these were more of means to spread western manners and culture.

  11. Catherine the Great 1762-1796 • Think PTG • Think Expansion • Think Selective Westernization

  12. Westernization (cont.) Finishing the job that Peter started • Built hospitals, sanitation, schools • Addiction to building, creates layout for future cities (the “winter” palace) However…… • Westernization limited to the Elite • 95% Of Russia remains RURAL • Peasants heavily taxed (PTG too)

  13. Peter the Great Created Russian Navy St. Petersburg Manners Orthodox Church Overall: Expansion oriented, brings idea of Western Culture to a Medieval Russia Catherine the Great Russia on local level New buildings Selective Westernizer Overall: Worked mainly with Russia on local levels, improving what already existed Modernizing Russia

  14. More Appearance than Substance?

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