THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING : HOW TO MAKE BIOMIMETIC INVENTIONS

1. How to climb a tree? How to grip on ice? №19 “Periodic action”: №15 “Dynamics” № 2 “Taking out” №4 “Asymmetry” №17“Another dimension” №29 “Pneumatics and hydraulics” Extended claw The Russian system tool “TRIZ “ was developed to enable engineers to solve problems using alien disciplines. We are discovering how to include biology in the system to make Biomimetic solutions available to technology. THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING : HOW TO MAKE BIOMIMETIC INVENTIONS Using TRIZ we designed the algorithm for transferring ideas from biology into engineering: 1. What is the problem? How to attach to a surface while moving? 2. Uncover contradictions: Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to increase force on the ground without help of weight? (see field 10/1 in TRIZ Matrix) Engineering solutions (TRIZ matrix recommends) Nature’s solution principles: (BIOTRIZ Matrix recommends) №1“Segmentation:” №8 “Anti-Weight” №18 “Mechanical vibration” №37 “Thermal expansion” № 1 “Segmentation” : Divide paw on several pads № 3 “Local quality” : Develop sharpness locally №17 “Another dimension”: Make contact surface 3D Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to walk on points when you are heavy? (To reduce contact surface area without loosing weight - field 5/1 in TRIZ Matrix) Retracted claw Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to be sharp only when it is necessary? (To reduce surface contact area without loosing the adaptability and composition stability - fields 5/35 and 5/13 in TRIZ Matrix) №15 “Dynamics” №30 “Flexible shells and thin films” №2 “Taking out” №11 “Prior cushioning” №13 “The other way round” №39 “Inert atmosphere” №19 “Periodic action” №15 “Dynamics” 3. Compare biological and engineering solutions Copying natural solutions: ice treads: 1, 15, 17 4. Make a Biomimetic solution The universal wheel can be used as a conditional one with the tyres inflated for moving under normal road conditions. But when the surface is covered with ice or snow and is slippery, the tyre is deflated until the two lateral discs provided with teeth will grip the road surface. Universal wheel possessing traction on both solid and icy surface Use intersected principles (1, 15, 17) + pure technical ones (2,13, 29, 30) Self-cleaning gripping boots A boot provided with 2 layers: soft elastic and solid outsole. The hard steel spikes pass through these layers under the person’s weight and grip the surface. In lifting the foot the elastic bottom is released and the solid outsole cleans the spikes of mud or snow. Dr. Olga Bogatyreva Dr. Nikolay Bogatyrev TRIZ project, CBNT

2. EXAMPLES OF BIOMIMETIC INVENTIONS LIVING PROTOTYPES Engineering solutions (TRIZ matrix recommends) BIOMIMETIC DESIGN Nature’s solution principles: (BIOTRIZ Matrix recommends) Principles used in design: “intersected” №13, №25 + from technology№28 Technical Contradiction to resolve: “How to deliver more substance without loss of energy?” (see field 26/22 in TRIZ Matrix) №6 “Universality” №20 “Continuity of useful action” №25 “Self-service” №7“Nested doll” №18 “Mechanical vibration №25 “Self-service” Technical Contradiction to resolve: “How to reduce friction (force) and drag a heavy thing?” (see field 10/2in TRIZ Matrix) Dung Beetle Scarabaeus sacer L. №1 “Segmentation” №13 “The other way around” №18 “Mechanical vibration” №28 “Substitution of mechanics” №12 “Equipotentiality” №13 “The other way around” №14 “Spheroidality – curvature” Trackball Technical Contradiction to resolve: “How to increase force on the ground without help of weight?” (see field 10/1 in TRIZ Matrix) Principles used in design: “intersected” №1, №15, №17+ from technology№10 Ratchet mechanism №1“Segmentation:” №8 “Anti-Weight” №18 “Mechanical vibration” №37 “Thermal expansion” № 1 “Segmentation” № 3 “Local quality” №17 “Another dimension” Technical Contradiction to resolve: “How to increase force on the ground without use of energy (how to slip in one direction?)” (see field 10/19 in TRIZ Matrix) Anaconda:to lift the scales to move on the ground or to climb the tree №17 “Another dimension” №15“Dynamics” №10“Preliminary action” №17 “Another dimension” №19 “Periodic action” Technical Contradiction to resolve: “How to maximise use of energy if energy source is moving?” (see field 20/15 in TRIZ Matrix) №15 “Dynamics” №30 “Flexible shells and thin films “ Principles used in design: “intersected” №15 , №30, №35+ from technology№14 , №17 Recommendations are absent Technical Contradiction to resolve: “How to react keeping a stable construction and low force?” (see field 35/13 35/10 in TRIZ Matrix) №14 “Spheroidality – curvature” №30 Flexible shells and thin films “ №35 “Phase transition” №20 “Continuity of useful action №31 “Porous materials” №25 “Self-service” №35 “Phase transition” Heliotropism of sunflower №15 “Dynamics” №17 “Another dimension” Flexible coupling Technical Contradiction to resolve: “How to defend without losing energy?” (see field 31/22 in TRIZ Matrix) Principles used in design: “intersected” №1 , №17 + from technology №2,№10 №2 “Taking out” №21 “Rushing through” №22 “Blessing in disguise” №35 “Parameter changes” № 3 “Local quality” №6 “Universality” №9 “Preliminary anti-Action” Technical Contradiction to resolve: “How to defend without loosing substance?” (see field 31/23 in TRIZ Matrix) Monkey-puzzle tree - Araucaria №1 “Segmentation” № 3 “Local quality” №1 “Segmentation” №10 “Preliminary action” № 24 “Intermediary” Barbed tape №6 “Universality” №9 “Preliminary anti-action” Technical Contradiction to resolve: “How to defend a leaf without changing its area ?” (see field 31/5 in TRIZ Matrix) №17 “Another Dimension” №2 “Taking out” №17 “Another dimension” №18 “Partial or excessive action” № 39 “Inert atmosphere” Dr. Olga Bogatyreva Dr. Nikolay Bogatyrev TRIZ project, CBNT