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Cognitive Disorders

Cognitive Disorders. Cognitive Disorders. Recent Memory Impairment Disorientation Poor Judgment Confusion General loss of intellectual functioning May have: Hallucinations, delusions, personality changes, secondary emotional reactions

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Cognitive Disorders

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  1. Cognitive Disorders

  2. Cognitive Disorders • Recent Memory Impairment • Disorientation • Poor Judgment • Confusion • General loss of intellectual functioning • May have: Hallucinations, delusions, personality changes, secondary emotional reactions • Produced by medical, biochemical, or neurological alteration in brain

  3. Three Cognitive Disorders • Delirium- reduced awareness of E • Dementia- deterioration of intellectual functioning • Amnestic Disorders-Memory impairment

  4. Delirium • Disorientation and Memory Loss (recent) not accounted for by dementia • Difficulty focusing, sustaining or shifting attention. Often is easily distracted • Develops over a few hours to a few days, fluctuates during the day, and tends to worsen at night • This is a disorder that IS due to a medical condition or substance

  5. Delirium • Speech may include: • Dysarthria- can’t articulate • Dysnomia- can’t name objects • Dysgraphia- can’t write • Perceptual disturbances can include: • Hallucinations • Illusions-inanimate object seen an animate one • Misinterpretations

  6. Delirium • May also frequently exhibit • Psychomotor disturbances • Emotional disturbances • Sleep-wake cycle disturbances • Elderly and children are at highest risk • Get to physician • Orient X4 (brief and frequent) • Prevent self harm

  7. Delirium • Conduct MSE thru out day • Catch early to avoid death or brain damage

  8. Dementia • Tends to have more gradual onset • Memory loss for recent events usually goes first, then getting lost • Personality changes and loss of impulse control and judgment are common • Agnosia-can’t name objects, aphasia-difficulty understanding language, concentration difficulties effect speech, apraxia-can’t perform simple motor tasks

  9. Dementia • Loss of executive functioning • Many will try to hide the difficulties or deny them • Alzheimer’s is one type • Vascular, medical or substance induced • Differentiate from delirium and depression • Prevention and early treatment reduce long term damage

  10. Dementia • Once dementia has taken it’s course, help patient to be comfortable, safe, and calm

  11. Amnestic Disorders • Only memory is effected • IS due to medical condition or substance • Marked impairment and change from previous functioning

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