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ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN THE ANDEAN HIGHLANDS

ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN THE ANDEAN HIGHLANDS. Practices and Strategies to Address Climate and Market Risks in Vulnerable Agro-Ecosystems. Participatory approaches. Time Line Development. Focus Groups. Participatory Mapping. Community Large Group Discussions. Climate impacts. Multiple Shock

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ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN THE ANDEAN HIGHLANDS

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  1. ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN THE ANDEAN HIGHLANDS Practices and Strategies to Address Climate and Market Risks in Vulnerable Agro-Ecosystems

  2. Participatory approaches Time Line Development Focus Groups Participatory Mapping Community Large Group Discussions

  3. Climate impacts Multiple Shock Events Droughts Frosts Floods Hail Snow

  4. Themes that emerged • Spatial variability in the presentation of droughts, floods, frosts, and hail events • Concerns vary according to location, production activities, technological alternatives: loss of animals, loss of crops, raw materials • Increased food insecurity and loss of assets • Local knowledge systems uncertain

  5. Challenges and Opportunities

  6. Participatory Consultations • Traditional cropping practices appear not to be viable: production techniques and local indicators. • Farming was increasingly vulnerable to the risks of climate variation: examples include increased risk of frost, longer dry and warmer spells. • Lack of markets, and market incentives that increase vulnerability.

  7. Spiraling Down of Capitals Global warming Decline in natural capital Decline in financial capital. Spiraling down Decline in human capital (outmigration) Decline in cultural capital Decline in social capital Decline in political capital Decline in built capital

  8. Spiraling of Capital Assets . Financial capital increases Political capital increases Natural capital increases Spiraling up Cultural capital increases Built capital (technology) Human capital increases Social capital increases

  9. Objectives (Research & Development) • Objective 1: “Shared understanding of ecosystem, social and economic drivers of change”. Develop measures and indicators of ecosystem and livelihood wellbeing through participatory research integrating disciplinary and holistic understanding of system’s constraints. • Objective 2: “Understand how livelihood strategies develop in response to perceptions of the relative risks of changes, and their assets” Evaluate farmer perceptions of soil conditions, production system changes, pests, diseases, and climate risks.

  10. Objectives (cont.) • Objective 3: “Explicitly link local and new knowledge to produce practices and information alternatives for adapting to change”. Adapted varieties, soil and pest management practices, information. • Objective 4:“Market access strategies and institutions that contribute to resilience”. Evaluate markets to identify integration strategies that contribute to resilience. • Objective 5: “Strengthening and sharing capacities”. Increase the capacity for collaboration between communities and stakeholders.

  11. Locations Ancoraimes LA PAZ OMASUYOS AROMA

  12. Ancoraimes (Cantón) Province Omasuyos Department of La Paz. 135 Km NE La Paz City. Near the Lake at 3.850 m.a.s.l.

  13. The Municipio of Umala, Province of Aroma, Central Altiplano of Bolivia. 3,900m a.s.l. • Average temperature 11ºC; Rainfall: 350-400 mm • Crops and livestock; Main crop: potatoes, 3.4 ton/ha • Low input production system of potatoes, sheep and milk.

  14. Southern Peru – Participatory Rural Assessment Communities represent ethnicities, agroecosystem and productive diversity of Peru’s Altiplano Crop Livestock Q Dairy Cattle Lake, Crops and Informal Trade Mainly Crops Some Livestock SM. Crop Livestock An. Livestock Crop PS Centro Internacional de la Papa University of Missouri Columbia MU CIRNMA with Environment Unit WB

  15. Methodologies • Based on assets and framed by the concept of sustainable livelihoods.

  16. Built Capital Financial Capital Natural Capital Political Capital Healthy Ecosystem Vital Economy Social Well-Being Cultural Capital Social Capital Human Capital

  17. Global Warming Global Warming Impact on one capital can lead to changes that spiral up or down across the capitals decreasing or increasing the related assets. Global Warming

  18. Methodologies • Participatory – bridging knowledge systems; • Integrating multiple approaches (La Paz 2006) • Quantitative methods: field, household, community, markets • Field experiments in communities: early maturing varieties (quinoa and potatoes); frost resistant varieties; moving planting dates; deficit irrigation • Biological surveys (Apolobamba, sampling pathogens); pest management strategies • Soil surveys; field experiments/demonstrations in the community

  19. Data collection, analysis and action • Prioritize the themes which lead to the desired future of the community. • Identify the relevant actors inside and outside the community. • Collect secondary data about them • Members of the community learn how to interview the relevant interview the relevant actors (institutions/people) • Feedback workshops and negotiation • Strengthen the coalitions.

  20. Collaborators and Stakeholders • MU – DASS Households, markets, networks, risk • MU – SNR Soils • KSU – Pests and diseases • U Connecticut – Climatology and forecasts • ISU – Coalition Negotiation Capitals • Fundación PROINPA – Indigenous crops – participatory approaches - women groups - marketing strategies • UMSA – College of Agronomy and Institute of Agricultural Research Climatology & Production Systems • UNALM - IPPS and MSc Innovation for Ag Development - Participatory Methodologies • CIPCA – Apolobamba • CIP - NRM ecosystems & Pests and Diseases • UNDP – civil society participation and climate change • WFP – vulnerability mapping • MAPA – USAID Market linkages

  21. Challenges First meeting of the team in La Paz to integrate approaches Build synergies with on-going projects to address funding limitations Appraisal of Apolobamba as a third site in Bolivia

  22. Thank you Questions

  23. FINDINGS Southern Highlands Rural Communities Multiple Shock Events Multiple Successive Years Droughts Frosts Floods Hail Snow

  24. Climate, Markets, Livelihood Strategies and Assets Markets Policies Livelihoods Climate Non Market Institutions & Networks Stores Resources Assets Capabilities Claims And Access

  25. Sustainable Livelihoods in the Andes System Linkages and Priority Inquiry Areas Sustainable Livelihoods ►Globalization Vulnerability and Risk ►Technology Integration Capabilities Practices and Strategies ►Biodiversity Conservation And Environmental Services Access & Control Social Capital Networks & Collective Action (Community & Regional) ►Social and Institutional Capacity Building Negotiating Climate and Market Shocks & Stresses Assets Natural Capital Soils, Climate, Biodiversity (Ecosystem Level) Assets Productive Capital Financial Capital (Household & Individual Level) Assets Cultural & Human Local & New Knowledge

  26. FINDINGS Southern Highlands Rural Communities Multiple Shock Events Multiple Successive Years Droughts Frosts Floods Hail Snow

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