1 / 28

Central nervous system

Central nervous system. CNS Brain -divisions Hypothalamus Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus is major circadian clock of mammals. Figure 10.4 Nervous systems of different phyla (Part 1). Figure 10.4 Nervous systems of different phyla (Part 2).

Download Presentation

Central nervous system

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Central nervous system • CNS • Brain -divisions • Hypothalamus • Medulla oblongata • Cerebellum Suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus is major circadian clock of mammals

  2. Figure 10.4 Nervous systems of different phyla (Part 1)

  3. Figure 10.4 Nervous systems of different phyla (Part 2)

  4. Figure 10.6 The organization of a vertebrate central nervous system

  5. The central nervous system • Begins as a hollow tuve • Embryonic development- 5 regions • Telencephalon • Diencephalon • Mesencephalon • Metencephalon • myelencephalon

  6. Figure 10.8 A schematic of vertebrate brain structure

  7. Evolution of the vertebrate brain

  8. Figure 10.9 Localization of function in the mammalian brain: old and current views (Part 1)

  9. Cerebrum • 2 hemispheres • Outer gray matter • Inner white matter • Specialization of functions • Left hemisphere • Dominant in language and analytical ability • Right hemisphere • Pattern recognition, • Communication between hemisphere • Corpus callosum

  10. Figure 10.9 Localization of function in the mammalian brain: old and current views (Part 2)

  11. Cerebral Lateralization • Cerebral dominance: • Specialization of one hemisphere. • Left hemisphere: • More adept in language and analytical abilities. • Damage: • Severe speech problems. • Right hemisphere: • Most adept at visuospatial tasks. • Damage: • Difficulty finding way around house.

  12. Figure 10.10 Functional neuroimaging demonstrates localization of function in cerebral cortex

  13. Figure 10.11 Maps in the human brain (Part 1)

  14. Figure 10.11 Maps in the human brain (Part 2)

  15. Homeostatic role of hypothalamus • Autonomic control center • Center for emotional response and behavior • Body temperature regulation • Regulation of food intake- satiety and hunger center • Regulation of water balance and thirst • Regulation of sleep-wake cycle • Control of endocrine systems

  16. Pituitary Gland • Posterior pituitary: • Stores and releases ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin. • Hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that are transported to anterior pituitary. • Regulate secretions of anterior hormones. • Anterior pituitary: • Regulates secretion of hormones of other endocrine glands.

  17. Role of medulla oblongata – maintain homeostasis • Cardiac and vasomotor center • Adjust force and rate of heart contraction • Regulate blood pressure by acting on smooth muscle of blood vessels • Respiratory center • Control rate and depth of breathing • Other regulatory activities • Vomiting, hiccupping, swallowing, coughing, sneezing ….. etc

  18. Role of cerebellum • Process inputs received from the motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, and sensory receptors • Provide precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction • Needed for smooth coordinated movements • Needed for equilibrium

  19. Figure 10.17 Suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus is major circadian clock of mammals (Part 1)

  20. Figure 10.14 Daily rhythm of several physiological functions in a human

  21. Figure 10.15 Circadian rhythm of metabolic rate and motor activity for a chaffinch (Part 1)

  22. Figure 10.15 Circadian rhythm of metabolic rate and motor activity for a chaffinch (Part 2)

  23. Figure 10.16 Activity rhythms of two nocturnal flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans)

  24. Figure 10.17 Suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus is major circadian clock of mammals (Part 2)

More Related