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Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System. The Brain. about 100 billion multipolar neurons. Divided into 4 major sections Brain stem Cerebellum Diencephalon Cerebrum. Protective covering. meninges. Blood-brain barrier.

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Central Nervous System

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  1. Central Nervous System

  2. The Brain about 100 billion multipolar neurons

  3. Divided into 4 major sections Brain stem Cerebellum Diencephalon Cerebrum

  4. Protective covering meninges

  5. Blood-brain barrier

  6. Cerebrospinal fluid provides protection, maintains proper ion concentration for the CNS, and provides a pathway to the blood for waste

  7. Brain Stem Connects cerebrum and diencephalon to the spinal cord Midbrain- reflexes Pons- breathing Medulla oblongata- heart rate, breathing, blood pressure Reticular formation- arousal (comatose state)

  8. Cerebellum Anterior and posterior lobes Coordination of desired movements Regulates posture and balance Cognitive and language processing

  9. Diencephalon • Located between cerebral hemispheres and above the midbrain • Contains: • Thalamus- relay station for sensory impulses • Hypothalamus- maintains homeostasis by regulating: • Heart rate • Temperature • Water/ electrolyte balance • Hunger • Glandular secretions • Sleep

  10. - Epithalamus- superior and posterior to • thalamus • Contains pineal gland- secretes • hormone melatonin (endocrine)

  11. Diencephalon

  12. Divided into 2 cerebral hemispheres by longitudinal fissure Connected by the corpus callosum Convolutions- ridges of the brain (gyri) Sulcus- shallow groove Fissure- deep groove Cerebrum

  13. The Basal Ganglia (Nuclei): caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus act as a relay station for motor impulses travelling from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord

  14. The cerebral cortex interconnects with the basal ganglia, the thalamus and the hypothalamus to form the Limbic System Controls emotional experience and expression

  15. Lobes of the cerebrum(higher brain function) • Frontal • Parietal • Temporal • Occipital • Insula

  16. Covered in a thin layer of gray matter called the Cerebral Cortex Motor area (mostly frontal) Sensory area (mostly parietal) Association areas (throughout cerebrum) Frontal- concentration, problem solving, planning Parietal- compose speech, touch sensation Temporal understand speech, reading, music Occipital- analyzing visual patterns

  17. patb

  18. can map somatosensory areas (lips and hands large area, trunk and limbs small area)

  19. Sensory and Motor areas of the cerebral cortex (Brain Map)

  20. frog bird cat

  21. Electroencephalogram (EEG)

  22. Peripheral nervous system Nerve structure- very similar to structure of muscle!! Link

  23. Cranial nerves I - Olfactory II - Optic III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear V - Trigeminal VI - Abducens VII - Facial VIII - Auditory IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vagus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglassal

  24. Spinal nerves and plexuses (tangled networks of axons)

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