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The Jefferson Administration: Navigating Challenges of Dismantling Federal Influence

Thomas Jefferson's presidency was marked by a determination to dismantle Federalist influence, reducing military spending, and eliminating Hamilton’s taxes. Despite his moderate promises to treat Federalists gently, voting rights declined during his administration, revealing a less democratic nature. Jefferson faced external pressures like the Barbary Pirates and the impressment of American sailors, leading to the ineffective Embargo Act of 1807. Domestically, he oversaw the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition, while contending with political adversaries like Aaron Burr and the Marshall Court, which expanded judicial power.

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The Jefferson Administration: Navigating Challenges of Dismantling Federal Influence

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  1. The Jefferson Administration Chapter 8

  2. The Jefferson Reaction • He was determined to dismantle all Federal Influence and those elements of the Federal government created by Federalists: • reduce the military • do away with taxes created by Hamilton • attempted to pay off the national debt, by slashing spending • declared there would be no favoritism shown in foreign affairs • Promised to treat Federalists “gently”

  3. Jefferson – the moderate • During his administration, voting rights actually declined – i.e. became less democratic • Free blacks • Women • Feared large scale manufacturing, but encouraged small scale manufacturing (as a supplement to the income of farm families)

  4. Jefferson – a poor President • Came up with no real plan to replace the economic policies of Hamilton • Cancelled military spending, but then had to deal with the Barbary Pirates and the impressment of American sailors by the British • His Embargo Act had no impact on either Britain or France, but was devastating to the American economy.

  5. Jeffersonian Foreign Policy 1. The Louisiana Purchase -- 1803 • The “right of deposit” in New Orleans suspended • Slave Rebellion in Santo Domingo (Haiti) failed • Napoleon offered all of Louisiana for $15 million

  6. Jeffersonian Foreign Policy 2. Troubles with britain and France • Seizure of American ships • British impressment of sailors • The Chesapeake Affair • Without an adequate navy, Jefferson had not military response • The Embargo Act of 1807

  7. Jefferson – Domestic Issues 1. Election of 1804 • 12th Amendment changed the electoral process • Jefferson ran with George Clinton as his VP • Republicans won an overwhelming victory

  8. Jefferson – Domestic Issues 2. Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-1805 • Primary purpose was to find a water route to the Pacific Ocean • Gathered a vast wealth of information about the geography, as well as animal and plant life.

  9. Jefferson – Domestic Issues 3. Aaron Burr • 1804 – defeated for NY governor • Killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel • Plotted to form a new nation out of the southwestern states

  10. Jefferson – Domestic Issues 1. The Quids • Led by John Randolph • Criticized Jefferson as a compromiser and a contributor to the decline of the Republic • Ex: The Yazoo Land Scandal

  11. Jefferson’s Nemesis: The Court The Marshall Court • Judiciary Act of 1801 • Repealed in 1802 • Marbury vs. Madison (1803) • Declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 to be unconstitutional • Claimed the power of Judicial Review

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