CHAPTER 10

1. Life Span Development II PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation CHAPTER 10 ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

2. Lecture Overview • Moral Development • Personality Development • Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood • Grief & Death ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

3. Moral Development • Kohlberg developed a model of moral development (right & wrong) based on responses to moral dilemmas. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

4. Moral Development: Kohlberg’s Three Levels & Six Stages PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL Stage 1: punishment-obedience orientation Stage 2: instrumental-exchange orientation CONVENTIONAL LEVEL Stage 3: good child orientation Stage 4: law-&-order orientation POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL Stage 5: social-contract orientation Stage 6: universal ethics orientation ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

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6. Personality Development: Thomas & Chess’s Temperament Theory • Temperament: Basic, inborn disposition • Three temperament styles: • Easy • Difficult • Slow-To-Warm-Up ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

7. Pause & Reflect: Assessment • George would like to wear two earrings & a black leather studded jacket, but he is worried about others’ disapproval. He is most likely at Kohlberg’s _____ level of moral development. • An infant’s inborn basic disposition is known as his or her _____. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

8. Personality Development: Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages • Erik Erikson identified 8 psychosocial stages of development—each marked by a “psychosocial” crisis or conflict related to a specific developmental task. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

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10. Personality Development: Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages 1-4 ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

11. Personality Development: Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages 5-8 ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

12. Pause & Reflect: Assessment • Can you name Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development & give the approximate age for each stage? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

13. Answers to Previous Slide:Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages • Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year) • Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1-3 years) • Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years) • Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years) • Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence) • Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood) • Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood) • Ego Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

14. Pause & Reflect: Critical Thinking • Have you successfully resolved the developmental crisis associated with your current Eriksonian stage of life? Are there earlier stages that you believe you have not have resolved successfully? If so, how has this affected your personal or social relationships? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

15. Cultural Influences on Development • Individualistic Cultures:emphasize individual’s personal needs & goals over those of the group • Collectivistic Cultures: emphasize the needs & goals of the group over the individual ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

16. Worldwide Ranking of Cultures ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

17. The “Self” in Individualistic (left figure) & Collectivistic Cultures (right figure) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

18. Pause & Reflect: Critical Thinking • Which cultural values, individualistor collectivist, do you find most appealing & valuable? Why? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

19. Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Marriage • Research shows good marriages: • Establish “love maps” • Share power & provide mutual support • Practice conflict management • Share similar values, beliefs, interests, etc. • Create a supportive social environment • Maintain a positive emphasis ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

20. Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Families • Important family factors in development: • Violence/abuse • Teen pregnancy/ parenting ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

21. Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Resiliency • Resiliency: Ability to adapt effectively in the face of threat ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

22. Pause & ReflectPsychology at Work • Work & RetirementHow can we find a great career that matches our unique personalities & interests, and fully enjoy retirement? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

23. Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Work & Retirement • Retirement Should we follow the activity, disengagement, or socioemotional selectivitytheory? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

24. Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

25. Grief & Death • Griefis a natural reaction to loss. • Four major stages: • Numbness • Yearning • Disorganization/Despair • Resolution ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

26. Grief & Death • Cultures interpret & respond to death differently. • Different ages also interpret & respond to death according to: • Permanence • Universality • Nonfunctionality ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

27. Grief & Death (Continued) • Kübler-Ross developed a five stage theory of the psychological processes surrounding death: • Denial(“It can’t be true!”) • Anger(“Why me? It’s not fair!”) • Bargaining(“I’ll change everything!”) • Depression(“I’ve lost everything.”) • Acceptance(“I know my time is near.”) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

28. Pause & Reflect: Assessment • Different ages interpret & respond to death according to _____, _____, & _____. • Give a brief example of a dying person’s response during each of Kübler-Ross’s five stage theory of death. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

29. Life Span Development II PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation End of CHAPTER 10 ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010