Education

1. Education

2. Outline • Overview of the uCdimm/uClinux Development Environment • Configuring the uCdimm/uClinux • Write a “C” code using the General Purpose Parallel I/O • Overview of the File System Hierarchy in uClinux

3. Overview of the uCdimm/uClinux Development Environment

4. Outline • What is uCdimm? • What is uCgarderner? • Overview of Development Environment • Overview of Development Process

5. DRAM CPU DragonBall 68VZ328 FLASH ROM Ethernet Controller What is uCdimm? • uCdimm is “uc68VZ328 Microcontroller Module” 8Mb 33MHz 2Mb

6. RJ45 Ethernet jack DB9 serial connector Power jack and on board regulator What is uCgardener? • uCgardener provides power and connecting interface for uCdimm

7. Overview of Development Environment (1) RS-232 + The connection between host computer and uCdimm plus uCgardener is made through serial port when running boot loader.

8. Overview of Development Environment (2) RS-232 + Ethernet The connection between host computer and uCdimm plus uCgardener is made through serial port and ether net when the uClinux boots.

9. Overview of Development Process • Kernel Image is generated on host computer using cross-compiler. • Kernel Image is uploaded to uCdimm through serial port when running boot loader. • Kernel Image is uploaded to uCdimm through ethernet when uClinuxboots. • Bootloader can boot uClinux kernel ether from flash ROM or memory.

10. Configuring the uCdimm/uClinux

11. Outline • Configuring the Linux Workstation • Configuring the uCdimm Target • Getting the Serial Connection Up and Running • Getting the Ethernet Connection Up and Running • Activities/Exercises

12. Configuring the Linux Workstation • Installing the tool chains • Setting up the working environment • Configuring Development Environment

13. Installing the Tool Chains (1) • For the libc6 case, become root and • Mount the uClinux CD, eg “mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom” • change into the libc6 directory, eg “cd /mnt/cdrom/RPM/libc6” • then do a make, ie “make” • Some items can be found at /opt/uClinuxbin/ include/ linux/ man/deftemplat.sh* info/ m68-coff/ romdisk/dev/ lib/ m68-pic-coff/ src/

14. Setting up the Working Environment (1) • With the tool chains installed, you can create your working environment : • Make a directory to hold your work • Change to that directory • Then issue the ‘buildenv’ command • Finally issue the ‘make’ command For example : • mkdir /tmp/uCsimm_work • cd /tmp/uCsimm_work • buildenv • make

15. Setting up the Working Environment (2) • After issuing make command, we can find something at your working directory: Makefile deftemplate.sh image.bin linux romdisk/ src/ romdisk.map romdisk.img

16. Configuring the uCsimm Target • Power adapter • The RS232 serial connection • The Ethernet connection

17. Getting the Serial Connection Up and Running • Using a ‘straight through’ (not null modem) cable, connect your workstation to your uCgardener. • Setting up minicom and the serial connection • Booting uClinux • Uploading a new OS image

18. Setting up minicom and serial connection (1) Setup minicom parameters: • Choose the Serial port setup and within that choice : • Select your Serial Device ( e.g. /dev/ttyS0 ) • Next set your Bps/Par/Bits as 19200 8N1 • Finally say no (N) to both Hardwareand Software Flow Control

19. Setting up minicom and serial connection (2) • Setup minicom parameters: (continued…) • Choose Modem and dialing and within that choice • remove the Init string • remove the Reset string • Set minicom to use ‘sz –X’ for XMODEM protocol.

20. Bootloader Commands (1) • help • Print a list of commands with short descriptions • rx • Receive a binary image via the RS232 port using XMODEM protocol • Store the new image starting at DRAM address 0x00020000. • program • Erase an area of the FLASH ROM starting at 0x10C10000. • Write the image currently in DRAM into that area of the FLASH. • The image is presumably one that was received into DRAM via the rx command

21. Bootloader Commands (2) • go • Execute the image residing in the OS area of the FLASH ROM • goram • Execute the image residing in DRAM, presumably one that has been received via the rx command • md address [endaddress] • Display a memory dump in hexadecimal, starting at address and ending at endaddress. • mm address values… • Starting at address, sequentially write a byte at a time from values into memory. • mm 00020000 123456 • 0x12 into 0x00020000 • 0x34 into 0x00020001 • 0x56 into 0x00020002

22. Bootloader Commands (3) • fast • Change the serial speed to 115200 bps

23. Booting uClinux • bootloader’s B$ prompt • B$ go • Login • uCsimm login: root • Password: uClinux • “ls” command

24. Uploading a new OS image (1) • Upload a new image at • 19200bps (slow) or • 115,200bps (fast) • Slow • At the B$ prompt type rx. B$ rx • Press ctrl-a and the z to enter the “Minicom Command Summary” screen • Choose s for Send files, the as prompted choose the xmodem for upload protocol • Next you’ll be prompted for the filename

25. Upload a new OS image (2) • To move the just uploaded image to FLASH ROM • B$ program

26. Getting the Ethernet Connection Up and Running • Configuring nfs on the Linux Workstation • Setting up the network parameters on your Linux workstation • Transferring uClinux images aided by nfs

27. Setting up the network parameters on your Linux workstation (1) • The network environment setup • Linux workstation • IP address = 192.168.1.100 • network mask = 255.255.255.0 • network address = 192.168.1.0 • gateway address = 192.168.1.254 • nfs service enable

28. Setting up the network parameters on your Linux workstation (2) NFS server setup • Add the following line to /etc/exports to tell the nfs server what files it may export for external mounting. For example, /nfsroot is the nfs exported directory, /nfsroot (ro) • Stop and start the nfs server /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs restart

29. Configuration the uCdimm Target (1) • The network environment setup • uCsimm • IP address = 192.168.1.200 • network mask = 255.255.255.0 • network address = 192.168.1.0 • gateway address = 192.168.1.254 • DNS address = 203.77.1.20 • Mount the nfs directory • /bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.1.100:/nfsroot /usr

30. Configuration the uCsimm Target (2) • Modify the /etc/rc file # attach the interfaces /sbin/ifattach /sbin/ifattach \ --addr 192.168.1.200 \ --mask 255.255.255.0 \ --net 192.168.1.0 \ --gw 192.168.1.254 eth0 # expand the ramdisk /sbin/expand /ramfs.img /dev/ram0 (continued…)

31. Configuration the uCsimm Target (3) • Modify the /etc/rc file ( continued … ) # mount ramdisk, proc and nfs /bin/mount -t ext2 /dev/ram0 /var /bin/mount -t proc proc /proc /bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.1.100:/nfsroot /usr # start up the internet superserver /sbin/inetd & # that's it... sucess exit 0 • flashloader

32. A Example : Make a New Image • Change the default password • Modify the src/init/login.c, line #24 • Make a new image, enter ‘make’ • Copy the new image, image.bin, to /nfsroot • cp image.bin /nfsroot • Boot up the uCdimm • On the uCdimm, mount the nfs filesystem • mount –t nfs 192.168.1.100:/nfsroot /usr • Download and flash the new image • flashloader /usr/image.bin

33. Using the General Purpose Parallel I/O

34. OUTLINE • Introduction • Example Programs using Port D I/O • Running the Example Programs • Primitives for an I/O Control Language • Activities / Exercise

35. Introduction • Circuitry has been added to the uCgardener to make Port D available as input and output. • Available 8 output leds and 8 input switch • Negative logic • 1: off • 0: on

36. Example Programs using Port D I/O • Program #1 – output only, turns on leds

37. Example Program #1 – Write Port D /* * file: write_led.c */ #include <asm/MC68EZ328.h> void init_portd(void) { PDSEL = 0xFF; /* select port D for I/O */ PDDIR = 0xFF; /* set bits 0-7 as output */ PDDATA = 0xFF; /* initialize to off */ } /* init_portd() */

38. Example Program #1 – Write Port D (cont’d) int write_output_portd(unsigned int which_bit) { unsigned char temp; if (which_bit > 7) return –1; temp = 0x01 << which_bit; PDDATA = PDDATA & ~temp; if (temp == 0) return 0; else return 1; } /* write_output_portd() */

39. Example Program #1 – Write Port D (cont’d) int main(void) { unsigned int out_led; int result; init_portd(); while (1) { printf(“\nWhich led[range 0->7] shall we turn on?\n”); scanf(“%d”, &out_led); result = write_output_portd(out_led); if (result < 0) { printf(“Invalid led number\n”); continue; } } } /* main() */

40. Running from a Testing Environment (cont’d) • The steps to running write_led • On the host, create the program file in working directory • On the host, compile the program file • m68k-pic-coff-gcc write_led.c –o write_led • From your serial terminal, run the program on the target with the working directory

41. The File System Hierarchy in uClinux

42. The File System Hierarchy Standard (1/3)

43. The File System Hierarchy Standard (2/3)

44. The File System Hierarchy Standard (3/3)

45. The File System Hierarchy in uClinux (1/2)

46. The File System Hierarchy in uClinux (2/2)