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Nuclear Chemistry Cyclotron: Accelerating Particles

The underground tunnel houses a nuclear reactor transmutation process altering atom numbers, symbolized by nuclear particles. Discover how elements transform via nuclear equations balancing mass and charge conservation rules. Learn about the decay series of lead, bismuth, and polonium nuclei. Explore nuclear chemistry!

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Nuclear Chemistry Cyclotron: Accelerating Particles

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  1. N u c l e a r C h e m i s t r y

  2. C y c l o t r o n : a p a r t i c l e a c c e l e r a t o r

  3. C y c l o t r o n : u n d e r g r o u n d t u n n e l

  4. N u c l e a r R e a c t o r

  5. T r a n s m u t a t i o n A c h a n g e i n t h e n u m b e r o f p r o t o n s i n t h e n u c l e u s p r o d u c i n g a n a t o m w i t h a d i f f e r e n t a t o m i c n u m b e r .

  6. T r a n s m u t a t i o n T h e f i r s t w a s p e r f o r m e d b y L o r d R u t h e r f o r d i n 1 9 1 1 . N i t r o g e n - 1 4 w a s b o m b a r d e d w i t h a l p h a p a r t i c l e s p r o d u c i n g O x y g e n - 17 a n d p r o t o n s . continued

  7. T r a n s m u t a t i o n T h e n u c l e a r e q u a t i o n f o r t h i s r e a c t i o n l o o k s l i k e t h i s : 4 2 17 8 1 1 14 7 N + He O + H

  8. F i s s i o n A n u c l e a r r e a c t i o n i n w h i c h a v e r y h e a v y n u c l e u s i s s p l i t i n t o t w o a p p r o x i m a t e l y e q u a l f r a g m e n t s .

  9. F u s i o n A n u c l e a r r e a c t i o n i n w h i c h t w o o r m o r e s m a l l n u c l e i a r e f o r c e d t o g e t h e r t o f o r m o n e l a r g e r n u c l e u s .

  10. N u c l e a r s y m b o l s A t o m i c M a s s U 2 3 8 9 2 A t o m i c N u m b e r T h e e l e m e n t i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y i t s c h e m i c a l s y m b o l

  11. N u c l e a r P a r t i c l e s 4 2 H e a l p h a b e t a - m i n u s b e t a - p l u s n e u t r o n 0 -1 e e 0 +1 n 1 0 continued

  12. N u c l e a r P a r t i c l e s K - c a p t u r e • A n a t o m i c n u c l e u s c a p t u r e s a n e l e c t r o n f r o m i t s o w n i n n e r m o s t e n e r g y l e v e l . • T h e a t o m i c n u m b e r i s d e c r e a s e d b y o n e a n d t h e m a s s n u m b e r r e m a i n s t h e s a m e . continued

  13. N u c l e a r P a r t i c l e s K - c a p t u r e I n a n e q u a t i o n , i t l o o k s l i k e t h i s : Tc 100 44 Ru + 0 -1 e 100 43

  14. N u c l e a r E q u a t i o n s N u c l e a r e q u a t i o n s c a n b e b a l a n c e d j u s t l i k e r e g u l a r c h e m i c a l e q u a t i o n s .

  15. N u c l e a r E q u a t i o n s • T o b a l a n c e n u c l e a r e q u a t i o n s , f o l l o w t h e s e t w o r u l e s : • M a s s n u m b e r i s c o n s e r v e d • E l e c t r i c c h a r g e i s c o n s e r v e d

  16. R u l e O n e • M a s s n u m b e r i s c o n s e r v e d : • T h e s u m o f t h e m a s s n u m b e r s b e f o r e t h e c h a n g e m u s t e q u a l t h e s u m o f t h e m a s s n u m b e r s a f t e r t h e c h a n g e .

  17. R u l e T w o • C h a r g e i s c o n s e r v e d : • T h e t o t a l e l e c t r i c c h a r g e o n s u b a t o m i c p a r t i c l e s a n d n u c l e i b e f o r e a n d a f t e r t h e c h a n g e m u s t b e e q u a l .

  18. C o m p l e t e a n d B a l a n c e 4 2 H e L i + 1 1 H 7 3 n + 1 0 H + 3 1 H 2 1 14 7 14 6 C N +

  19. B a l a n c e d E q u a t i o n s 2 4 2 H e L i + 1 1 H 7 3 n + 4 2 H e 1 0 H + 3 1 H 2 1 e 14 7 14 6 C N + 0 -1

  20. C o m p l e t e a n d B a l a n c e • L e a d - 2 1 4 d e c a y s b y b e t a e m i s s i o n • B i s m u t h - 2 1 4 d e c a y s b y b e t a e m i s s i o n • P o l o n i u m - 2 1 4 d e c a y s b y a l p h a e m i s s i o n

  21. C o m p l e t e d E q u a t i o n s e + 0 -1 214 83 B i Pb 214 82 214 83 B i 0 -1 e + 214 84 P o 214 84 P o 4 2 H e + 210 82 P b

  22. E n d N u c l e a r C h e m

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