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N u c l e a r C h e m i s t r y

N u c l e a r C h e m i s t r y. C y c l o t r o n : a p a r t i c l e a c c e l e r a t o r. C y c l o t r o n : u n d e r g r o u n d t u n n e l. N u c l e a r R e a c t o r. T r a n s m u t a t i o n.

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N u c l e a r C h e m i s t r y

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  1. N u c l e a r C h e m i s t r y

  2. C y c l o t r o n : a p a r t i c l e a c c e l e r a t o r

  3. C y c l o t r o n : u n d e r g r o u n d t u n n e l

  4. N u c l e a r R e a c t o r

  5. T r a n s m u t a t i o n A c h a n g e i n t h e n u m b e r o f p r o t o n s i n t h e n u c l e u s p r o d u c i n g a n a t o m w i t h a d i f f e r e n t a t o m i c n u m b e r .

  6. T r a n s m u t a t i o n T h e f i r s t w a s p e r f o r m e d b y L o r d R u t h e r f o r d i n 1 9 1 1 . N i t r o g e n - 1 4 w a s b o m b a r d e d w i t h a l p h a p a r t i c l e s p r o d u c i n g O x y g e n - 17 a n d p r o t o n s . continued

  7. T r a n s m u t a t i o n T h e n u c l e a r e q u a t i o n f o r t h i s r e a c t i o n l o o k s l i k e t h i s : 4 2 17 8 1 1 14 7 N + He O + H

  8. F i s s i o n A n u c l e a r r e a c t i o n i n w h i c h a v e r y h e a v y n u c l e u s i s s p l i t i n t o t w o a p p r o x i m a t e l y e q u a l f r a g m e n t s .

  9. F u s i o n A n u c l e a r r e a c t i o n i n w h i c h t w o o r m o r e s m a l l n u c l e i a r e f o r c e d t o g e t h e r t o f o r m o n e l a r g e r n u c l e u s .

  10. N u c l e a r s y m b o l s A t o m i c M a s s U 2 3 8 9 2 A t o m i c N u m b e r T h e e l e m e n t i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y i t s c h e m i c a l s y m b o l

  11. N u c l e a r P a r t i c l e s 4 2 H e a l p h a b e t a - m i n u s b e t a - p l u s n e u t r o n 0 -1 e e 0 +1 n 1 0 continued

  12. N u c l e a r P a r t i c l e s K - c a p t u r e • A n a t o m i c n u c l e u s c a p t u r e s a n e l e c t r o n f r o m i t s o w n i n n e r m o s t e n e r g y l e v e l . • T h e a t o m i c n u m b e r i s d e c r e a s e d b y o n e a n d t h e m a s s n u m b e r r e m a i n s t h e s a m e . continued

  13. N u c l e a r P a r t i c l e s K - c a p t u r e I n a n e q u a t i o n , i t l o o k s l i k e t h i s : Tc 100 44 Ru + 0 -1 e 100 43

  14. N u c l e a r E q u a t i o n s N u c l e a r e q u a t i o n s c a n b e b a l a n c e d j u s t l i k e r e g u l a r c h e m i c a l e q u a t i o n s .

  15. N u c l e a r E q u a t i o n s • T o b a l a n c e n u c l e a r e q u a t i o n s , f o l l o w t h e s e t w o r u l e s : • M a s s n u m b e r i s c o n s e r v e d • E l e c t r i c c h a r g e i s c o n s e r v e d

  16. R u l e O n e • M a s s n u m b e r i s c o n s e r v e d : • T h e s u m o f t h e m a s s n u m b e r s b e f o r e t h e c h a n g e m u s t e q u a l t h e s u m o f t h e m a s s n u m b e r s a f t e r t h e c h a n g e .

  17. R u l e T w o • C h a r g e i s c o n s e r v e d : • T h e t o t a l e l e c t r i c c h a r g e o n s u b a t o m i c p a r t i c l e s a n d n u c l e i b e f o r e a n d a f t e r t h e c h a n g e m u s t b e e q u a l .

  18. C o m p l e t e a n d B a l a n c e 4 2 H e L i + 1 1 H 7 3 n + 1 0 H + 3 1 H 2 1 14 7 14 6 C N +

  19. B a l a n c e d E q u a t i o n s 2 4 2 H e L i + 1 1 H 7 3 n + 4 2 H e 1 0 H + 3 1 H 2 1 e 14 7 14 6 C N + 0 -1

  20. C o m p l e t e a n d B a l a n c e • L e a d - 2 1 4 d e c a y s b y b e t a e m i s s i o n • B i s m u t h - 2 1 4 d e c a y s b y b e t a e m i s s i o n • P o l o n i u m - 2 1 4 d e c a y s b y a l p h a e m i s s i o n

  21. C o m p l e t e d E q u a t i o n s e + 0 -1 214 83 B i Pb 214 82 214 83 B i 0 -1 e + 214 84 P o 214 84 P o 4 2 H e + 210 82 P b

  22. E n d N u c l e a r C h e m

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