Bellringer

1. Bellringer 1.) What is happening in the scene above? 2.) What is the artist trying to SAY in this image? (literally, emotionally, symbolically?)

2. The Age of Realism

3. Why did Realism develop? • Intellectual Ideas of the period: • Materialism: • Science, technology, and industry can help to understand all truth, solve all problems, and create happiness for humans. • Utilitarianism: • Virtue is based on utility and conduct should be directed toward promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. • Survival of the fittest (Darwinian theory) • Once applied to animals, now referred • to the survival of businesses • Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto • Everyone is equal: in pay, in status, in goods. • Rising standard of living • Vaccinations, telegraph, public sanitation, electricityallowed for individuals living in an industrialized world live longer and healthier.

4. Realism in Visual Arts • Objective: a truthful objective, scientific, view of the world • Artists wanted to show society as it really was • (not “Romanticized”) • Scenes of industrial cities, physical labor, real people who complete the real work. • Artist was thought of as a scientific observer of detail • Movement was heavily influenced by the invention of the camera

5. What did you learn? • Complete the handout entitled, “Realism Learning Guide: Visual Art Content Check” using your notes. • TURN AND TALK… • 2 Brains • Your notes • Your right answers…

6. Burial at Ornans Burial at OrnansGustave Courbet 1850

7. Interior of My Studio – Seven Years of My Life as an Artist- 1855

8. The Luncheon on the Grass- 1863

9. Olympia- 1863

10. Venus of Urbino Titian, 1538 Olympia ÉdouardManet, 1863

11. The Gross Clinic1876

12. Baby at Play 1876

13. Theater in the Age of Realism

14. Realism in Theater • There is significant character development • Dialogue • Foreshadowing • Cause-and-Effect Structure • sometimes even seemed “plotless” • no real story but only a focus on the characters. • Characters finally seen as individuals with props that give information on the character • Subjects: • Dismal • Controversial topics • topics which Victorian society attempted to conceal. • The plays you will study confront and redefine Victorian gender roles.

15. Realist Themes • Realist Themes: • Theme One: • Direct observation of human behavior and it was to deal with everyday life and problems as subjects and themes. • Theme Two: • Criticism of societies and the recognition of the absurdity of life. • Theme Three: • A longing for another life that is either better or different than the one being lived.

16. Henrik Ibsen • 1828 – 1906 • Born in Norway • His plays attacked society’s values and dealt with unconventional subjects within the form of the well-made play (cause-and-effect structure). • Wrote about controversial topics of the time • (STDs, marriage issues, roles of women in society) • James Joyce said Ibsen’s work "has provoked more discussion and criticism that of any other living man." • Famous work: A Doll’s House (1879).

17. A Doll’s House- Background Knowledge • Major Idea: Gender Roles in Victorian England • “In terms of gender ideology, the accession of Victoria (as a Queen) was something of a paradox. Traditionally, women were defined physically and intellectually as the 'weaker' sex, in all ways subordinate to male authority. In private life women were subject to fathers, husbands, brothers even adult sons. Publicly, men dominated all decision-making in political, legal and economic affairs.” http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/19thcentury/gender_health/gender_ideology/index.html • Famous Work: A Doll’s House • As you watch this clip, explain how Ibsen challenges the quote above. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLXkzcR1YK0

18. Reading: Why does A Doll’s House still impact us today? • Objective: • Demonstrate your knowledge of the impact of these plays on Victorian and Contemporary society • Assignment: • Read the summary of the play and answer the corresponding questions on your handout • Note: Some of the questions are • comprehension questions • (Do you understand the text?) • while others require you to analyze the impact of the play • (Do we still struggle with the same issues discussed in the play?) • Time Allotment: • 12 minutes

19. Homework • Objective: • Create a Realist self-portrait • Requirements: • All subject matter in the painting must be “Realistic”. • Clean lines… in a setting where you would occur • Your illustration must take up an entire sheet of white computer paper. • Your illustration must use color and must be drawn. • Point Value: 20 pts • (Equals two percentage points of your grade)

20. Exit Slip- Question Summary • 1) Why is the Hay Wain Romantic? • 2) Saturn Devouring His Son and The Family of Charles IV were created during the Romanticism era and by the same artist. Why are they so different? • 3) What is “gesamtkunstwerk?” • 4) Listening Check: Identify the composer and the song title. • 5) Why are Luncheon on the Grass and Olympia significant to the world of art? • 6) What was the main goal of Realist art? • 7) Why is The Burial at Ornans controversial? • 8) Who is considered the father of the Realist movement? • 9) What technological innovation fueled the Realist Movement? • 10) Practice short answer: • List the three innovations made to ballet during the Romantic period. • Explain why each of these innovations was made and how it reflects Romanticism in dance.

21. 1.) Why is this painting Romantic? • Cleanliness of nature contrasts with the filth of the city during the Industrial Revolution. • The use of the Classical style in depicting the human figure. • The focus on chivalry and the supernatural. • The ornamentation and bold colors that the artist has incorporated to attract attention.

22. 2.) 2.) Both paintings were created during the Romanticism era and by the same artist. Why are they so different? The artist became mentally ill and wanted to share his nightmarish visions with the world. The artist lost favor with the royal family and wanted to depict them being eaten. The artist lost his hearing and as a result became very callous and began creating nightmarish depictions to reflect his pain. The above statement is incorrect and the painting on the left actually belongs in the Baroque era.

23. 3.) What is “gesamtkunstwerk?” • Wagner’s description of his vision of opera as a perfect union of theatre, music, dance, and visual art. • A synonym for polyphony combining two different melodic lines simultaneously. • The aspects of music that determines the variations in of loudness or softness. • A form of music in which a theme is developed usually by counterpoint.

24. 4.) Listening Check: Identify the composer and the song title. • Ride of the Valkyries, Wagner • Kill DaWabbit, Palestrina • The Wedding March, Wagner • Four Swans, Tchaikovsky

25. 5.) Why are the above paintings significant to the world of art? • They portrayed wealthy and influential women of the time period. • They are the definition of what should be in a Romantic painting. • They document important events of the time period. • They represent the beginning of modern art.

26. 6.) What was the main goal of Realist art? • To help people remember times when life was simpler. • Provide an escape from the rigors of the Industrial Revolution. • To give truthful/objective view of the world, show the viewer things as they actually appear. • To inspire emotions of awe and chivalry.

27. 7.) Why is this painting controversial? The man being buried was a known criminal and did not deserve to be painted. The Catholic church was angry that some of the mourners were protestant and should not have been included. Conflicted with Romantic ideals of heroism and a lack of respect for social hierarchy. The artist failed to be a scientific observer of the scene.

28. 8.) Who is considered the father of the Realist movement? • Bernini • Eakin • Courbet • Manet

29. Bellringer What technological innovation fueled the Realist Movement? • The Cotton Gin • The Telegraph • The Phonograph • The Camera