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Matter

Explore the fundamental concepts of matter, mass, and volume in this comprehensive overview. Learn about elements, the pure substances made of a single type of atom, such as gold, oxygen, and carbon, along with their chemical symbols. Discover how compounds like water and carbon dioxide form when elements combine. Delve into Earth’s spheres: the lithosphere (solid part), biosphere (living matter), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air), highlighting their composition and significance. Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping the nature of our world.

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Matter

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  1. Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space.

  2. Mass • How much matter is in an object.

  3. Volume • How much space an object takes up.

  4. What is an element? • An element is a pure substance made of a single kind of atom. Examples of elements are gold, silver, copper, oxygen, and carbon. (You can’t see oxygen….)

  5. Chemical Symbolsrepresent ELEMENTS • Oxygen – O • Hydrogen- H • Carbon – C • Nitrogen – N • Calcium – Ca • Silicon – Si • Iron - Fe

  6. Compounds • More than one element combined such as • H20 (water) • CO2 (carbon dioxide)

  7. LITHOSPHERE- The solid part of Earth. It contains rocks and minerals. Oxygen and silicon are the most abundant elements in this sphere. Litho = rock

  8. Biosphere • Contains Earth’s living matter. All plants and animals are part of the biosphere. Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus are the most abundant elements in living things. • Bio = Life

  9. Hydrosphere • All of the water on Earth is part of the hydrosphere. The main component of the hydrosphere, the oceans, makes up more than 70% of Earth’s surface. The most common elements in the hydrosphere are oxygen and hydrogen because these two elements make up water or H2O. • Hydro = water

  10. Atmosphere • The atmosphere includes the air that surround Earth. Weather happens in the atmosphere. The most abundant gases in the air are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. • Atmos = air

  11. Inference • An explanation based on observation and experience. If a statement contains the word “like”, it is an inference! • The kids are running around like a bunch of chickens! (Inference) • The kids are running across the playground. (observation)

  12. Types of DATA (observations) Quantitative Examples Qualitative Examples • Use your senses! seven • Colors!!!!! • SMELLs!!!! • TEXTURE!!! (rough, smooth…) • Taste (strong, sour…) • Sounds 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 NUMBERS Charts and Graphs

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