API SC13/TG6 Testing of Heavy Brines

1. API SC13/TG6 Testing of Heavy Brines 2018 Exploration & Production Winter Standards Meeting January 23, 2018 San Antonio, TX

2. AgendaTG-6: Testing of Heavy Brines • TG Charges • Roll Call • Previous Meeting Minutes – Approval • Active Work Group Updates • WG-7 Displacements (Chair - Ed Rapp) • WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP (Chair – Paul Agosta) • WG-11 Emulsion Technology (Co-chairs – Gianna Pietrangeli, Katrina Schultz) • Old Business • New Business • Next Scheduled Meeting • Action Items • Adjourn

3. TG–6 Testing of Heavy BrinesCharge • Recommend, develop and evaluate procedures for field and laboratory testing of heavy brines • Update, revise and expand API RP-13J, “Testing of Heavy Brines” • Form Work Groups to achieve specific charges

4. TG-6 Members / Roll Call • Judy Guy-Caffey TETRA Technologies, Chair • Ryan van Zanten Shell, Vice-Chair • Kim Burrows Halliburton • David Ekas • Brent Estes Chevron • Bill Foxenberg MI-Schlumberger • Gabe Little ICL • Michael Otto Baker Hughes • Ali Taq Saudi Aramco

5. Previous Meeting Minutes • Meeting in Calgary, AB • Telus Convention Center • Summer Standards Meeting • June 28, 2017

6. Approval of Previous Minutes • Motion: __ • Maker: __ • Second: __ • Result: __

7. WG-7 Displacements • Chair: Ed Rapp (TETRA Technologies) • Charge: Evaluate the efficacy of laboratory test protocols to clean NAF from a steel surface, [and] develop evaluation parameters and a method suitable for industry use in displacement operations

8. Feb 2017 Minutes - Highlights • Committee Strategy • Standardize current test methodology • Develop more representative test methods • Current Sleeve Set for Round Robin Testing needs to be replaced • Need to develop Sleeve Specifications • Closed end • Carbon Steel • Stamped End – avoid dissimilar metals • Scribe line ½” above water line • Maintain finish with 20 grit sand paper • Need Sleeves for all existing participant equipment

9. Feb 2017 Minutes - Highlights • Round-robin Test Protocol Needed Improvement • Standardized cup materials and dimensions • Add Baseline Clean-up test • DI Water • Test in triplicate • Test on 10% MD surfactant only (no solvent) in DI water (Test in triplicate) • Test Duration 10 minutes • Define procedures for handling and storage of sleeves

10. Feb 2017 Minutes - Highlights • Develop Displacement Spacer Compatibility Test Protocol

11. Current Status • Round Robin Testing Phase II • Participating companies: Abrado, Baker Hughes, Halliburton, M-I SLB, TETRA Technologies • Revised Test Protocol To Be Finalized • Need new Displacement Sleeves • Need new Mud Sample • Spacer Compatibility • Develop Test Method • Identify Barriers

12. Current Status • Meeting planned for week of Feb. 6 • Review status • Develop go forward plan • Assign Action Items and Due Dates • Meeting Schedule • As needed • Minimum: Every Three Months

13. WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP • Chair: Paul Agosta (Baker Hughes) • Charge: Implement and monitor the API CRA Testing Program (various CRAs in contaminated brines). • Members: Aramco, Baker Hughes, Cabot Specialty Fluids, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, ICL-IP, Halliburton Energy Services, Marathon, M-I SWACO, Schlumberger, Shell International E&P Inc., Nippon Steel - Sumitomo Metal, Synergy Fluids, TETRA Technologies, Inc. • Participation: $10,000/funding year – Not seeking new members currently

14. WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP • 2017 Activities: • Halide Brines Test Summary issued as an API Technical Report (TR) in December 2017. • A separate TR will be issued on the Formate Brines Test Summary this year. • Color-coded charts (domain diagrams) are being finalized by the JIP membership to summarize the JIP testing along with test results from literature. The charts are coded to show where test failures have and have not occurred, and where data is not conclusive.

15. WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP • 2018 Plan: • Current gaps in data/testing have been analyzed and voting was proposed to finalize spending on additional testing to close gaps – or testing for new brine issues • Formate brines have been separated from halide brines and will have their own spreadsheet summarizing literature and JIP test data • Once voting is finished, additional testing to be performed • Progress was slow in 2017 – several reasons

16. WG-11 Emulsion Technology • Co-Chairs: Gianna Pietrangeli (Flotek Chemistry) and Katrina Schultz (TETRA Technologies, Inc.) • Charge: Establish a laboratory method or methods to evaluate the tendency to form emulsions or sludge when drilling, completing, fracturing or treating fluids that will contact formation fluids.

17. WG-11 Emulsion Technology Members Performing tests for the round robin stage

18. WG-11 Emulsion Technology • Current Status: • Round Robin Testing – Phase 2 • Purpose: Find a new vessel and agitation for the emulsion tendency new procedure. • Participating labs (7) – TETRA Technologies, Keane, Halliburton, Baker Hughes, Aramco, CNPC, and Flotek Industries. • Crude oils, 12.0 ppg CaBr2 brine, and 2% KCl brine, each from single sources with no additives, distributed to participants.

19. WG-11 Emulsion Technology • Current Status, cont.: • Interface Classification will be include I the requirements: Neat Slight Frogs Eggs Heavy Frogs Eggs Rag Layer Pad Layer Bag

20. WG-11 Emulsion Technology • Results: • Crude oil re-evaluation – Source: West Africa by Total: • Brine Characterization:

21. WG-11 Emulsion Technology • Results:

22. WG-11 Emulsion Technology • Current Status, cont.: • Second Round Robin: • Follow new recommendations • Procedures: • Participant company method • New test procedure • Brine: • 2% KCl • 12.0 ppg CaBr2 brine • Crude oils: • Original from TOTAL • Asphaltenic crude oil – Looking for samples

23. WG-11 Emulsion Technology • Current Status, cont.: • Action items: • Flotek: • Shear rate and mixing time influence • Crude oil sample • Baker Hughes, Keane, and Halliburton: • New glass vessel for sample testing with flat bottom and lid • Lids safety – acid application • Tetra: • New equipment • New brine samples

24. WG-11 Emulsion Technology • Current Status, cont.: • Meetings: • Last meeting: 01/10/2018 at Flotek Industries • Upcoming meeting: March 7th, 2018 at Flotek Industries

25. Old Business • ?

26. New Business • IOGP Project Initiation Proposal • ISO 13503-7 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Completion fluids and materials – Part 7: Testing of Formate brines • ISO/TC 67/SC 3/WG 3 considers the content of API RP 13J: 2014 (5th ed.) as not correctly covering formate brines due to its significant different nature compared to halide brines • Proposal to issue a supplemental standard on formate brines (13503-7) and future revision of ISO 13503-3 to state that it will only be considered valid for halide brines and refer to ISO 13503-7 for formate brines • Determine if/how we want to manage this within API

27. New Business • API RP 13J up for 5-year review next year – establish work group to look at document • Brainstorming

28. Next Scheduled Meeting • June 12-13, 2018 • Denver, CO

29. Action Items • WG-7 Displacements – meet week of Feb. 6 and develop go forward plan, assign action items and due dates • WG-10 CRA Testing Program JIP - finalize spending of remaining funds on additional testing to close gaps, issue TR on formate brines • WG-11 – proceed with second round robin testing

30. Motion to Adjourn • Maker: • Second: • Result: • Time of adjournment: