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BIOLOGY WORKSHEET CHAPTER 17 HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH - NOVAK

BIOLOGY WORKSHEET CHAPTER 17 HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH - NOVAK. Ws Ch17HistoryOfLife K1-12.doc. Chapter 12 Section 1. How Did Life Begin. How long ago did the Earth form? ___. FOUR POINT FIVE BILLION. What did the water vapor condense into? ___. OCEANS.

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BIOLOGY WORKSHEET CHAPTER 17 HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH - NOVAK

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  1. BIOLOGYWORKSHEET CHAPTER 17 HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH - NOVAK • Ws Ch17HistoryOfLife K1-12.doc

  2. Chapter 12 Section 1 • How Did Life Begin

  3. How long ago did the Earth form? ___ • FOUR POINT FIVE BILLION

  4. What did the water vapor condense into? ___ • OCEANS

  5. Scientist think life has evolved over hundreds of ___ of years? • MILLIONS

  6. Evidence of the age of the Earth can be found by measuring the age of ___. • ROCKS

  7. ___ ___ is the estimation of the age of an object by measuring its content of certain radioactive isotopes. • RADIOMETRIC DATING

  8. ___ are unstable isotopes that break down and give off energy in the form of charged particles called ___. • RADIOISOTOPES AND RADIATION

  9. What is this breakdown called? ___ • RADIOACTIVE DECAY

  10. ___ ___ is the time it takes for one half of a given amount of a radioisotope to decay. • HALF LIFE

  11. Half life from radioactive decay

  12. By measuring the proportions of certain radioisotopes and their products of ___, scientists can compute how many half lives have passed since a rock was formed. • DECAY

  13. The half life of uranium is 760 million years. If the age of the earth is 4.2 billion years, then 4.2/.76 = about 6 doublings or about 64 times as much uranium existed on earth at creation as exists now.

  14. Half life from radioactive decay

  15. These chemical reactions produced many different simple ___ molecules. • ORGANIC

  16. Energized by the ___ and ___ heat, these simple molecules formed more complex molecules that eventually became the building blocks of the first cells. • SUN & VOLCANIC

  17. The hypothesis that many of the organic molecules necessary for life can be made from molecules of ___ matter has been tested and supported by results of lab experiments. • NONLIVING

  18. In the 1920s A. I. Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane suggest that the early ___ contained large amounts of organic molecules. • OCEANS

  19. What did this hypothesis become known as? ___ • PRIMORDIAL SOUP MODEL

  20. They also hypothesized the molecules formed spontaneously in chemical reactions activated by ___ radiation, ___ eruptions, and ___. • SOLAR AND VOLCANIC AND LIGHTNING

  21. The early Earth’s atmosphere lacked ___ making formation of organic molecules possible. • OXYGEN

  22. Name four common compounds in Earth’s early atmosphere NOT including water. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ • NITROGEN GAS AND HYDROGEN GAS AND AMMONIA AND METHANE

  23. In 1953, who tested the primordial soup model? ___ • STANLEY MILLER AND HAROLD UREY

  24. According to Figure 2, Miller-Urey heated ___ in a flask. • WATER

  25. 29. According to Figure 2, Miller-Urey they then added water vapor and what other gases to the tubes? ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ • NITROGEN GAS AND HYDROGEN GAS AND AMMONIA AND METHANE

  26. According to Figure 2, Miller-Urey, after the spark and the vapors had been condensed, what did they find in the beaker below? • ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

  27. These results support the hypothesis that some basic chemicals of ___ could have formed ___ under conditions like those in the experiment. • LIFE AND SPONTANEOUSLY

  28. Recent discoveries have caused scientists to ___ the Miller-Urey experiment. • REEVALUATE

  29. Four billion years ago, Earth did not have a protective layer of ___ gas. • OZONE

  30. Without ozone, ___ radiation would have destroyed any ammonia or methane in the early atmosphere. • ULTRAVIOLET

  31. 36. If these gases are absent from the Miller-Urey experiment, ___ biological molecules are NOT made. • KEY

  32. If the chemicals needed to form life were not in the atmosphere some scientists argue that the chemicals ere produced within ocean ___ or ocean ___. • BUBBLES AND VENTS

  33. In 1986, geophysicist Louis Lerman hypothesized the ___ model of chemical origins. • BUBBLE

  34. The bubbles protected the methane and ammonia needed to make amino acids from ___ ___. • ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

  35. Next, the bubbles rose to the surface and burst, releasing simple ___ molecules into the air. • ORGANIC

  36. Once in the wind, these simple organic molecules were exposed to ultraviolet radiation which provided ___ for further reactions • ENERGY

  37. Scientists ___ about the details of the process that lead to the origin of life. • DISAGREE

  38. However, short chains of ___ have been made to form on their own in water. • RNA

  39. RNA is the nucleic acid that does what? _________ • HELPS CARRY OUT DNA’S INSTRUCTIONS

  40. In The 1980s, Thomas Cech hypothesized that ___ was the first self-replicating information-storage molecule. • RNA

  41. Certain lipids, when combined with other molecules, can form a tiny droplet whose surface resembles a ___ ___. • CELL MEMBRANE

  42. Short chains of amino acids can gather into tiny droplets called ___. • MICROSPHERES

  43. Another type of droplet, called a ___ is composed of molecules of different types, including linked amino acids and sugars. • COACERVATES

  44. Why do scientists think microspheres are important? _________ • THEY MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE FIRST STEP TOWARD CELLULAR ORGANIZATION

  45. Scientists disagree about the origin of ___. • HEREDITY

  46. Many scientists agree that double-stranded DNA evolved after ___. • RNA

  47. RNA “___” catalyzed the assembly of the earliest ___. • ENZYMES AND PROTEINS

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