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Black bread mold Rhizopus

Black bread mold Rhizopus. Systematic Position. KINGDOM- MYCOTA DIVISION- EUMYCOTA SUBDIVISION- Zygomycotina CLASS- Mucoromycota (Zygomycota) ORDER- Mucorales FAMILY- Mucoraceae GENUS – Rhizopus Type species - Rhizopus nigricans. Rhizopus - Ehrenb.  (1820) Synonyms

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Black bread mold Rhizopus

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  1. Black bread mold Rhizopus

  2. Systematic Position KINGDOM- MYCOTA DIVISION- EUMYCOTA SUBDIVISION- Zygomycotina CLASS- Mucoromycota (Zygomycota) ORDER- Mucorales FAMILY- Mucoraceae GENUS – Rhizopus Type species - Rhizopus nigricans Rhizopus - Ehrenb. (1820) Synonyms Crinofera -Nieuwl. (1916)Pilophora -Wallr. (1833)

  3. Structure of Rhizopus

  4. Consists of threadlike structures called Hyphae Hypha

  5. They are tubular with no cross walls and are multinucleate. Each nucleus is haploid. Nucleus

  6. Large numbers of hyphae are called a mycelium • The hyphae digest the substrate on which they grows • Rhizoids provide extra surface area for absorption of the digested material • Stolons are arial hyphae which allow Rhizopus to spread sideways

  7. Structure of Rhizopus

  8. Sporangium Spores Columella Apophysis Sporangiophore

  9. Life cycle of RhizopusAsexual reproduction • Sporangiophores grow up from the substrate after a number of days • Cells within the sporangium divide by mitosis to produce spores (haploid)

  10. Asexual reproduction • Cells within the sporangium divide by mitosis to produce spores (haploid)

  11. Asexual reproduction • The sporangium dries out in the right conditions and opens releasing many spores. • Each spore will grow into a new hypha and mycelium if it lands on a suitable substrate

  12. Sexual reproduction + Strain - Strain • Sexual reproduction in Rhizopus can only occur between a plus and a minus strain.

  13. Sexual reproduction + Strain - Strain • When hyphae from opposite strains grow close together swellings grow on both strains and touch each other.

  14. Sexual reproduction + Strain - Strain • Nuclei from both hyphae move into these swellings which are now called progametangia.

  15. Sexual reproduction + Strain - Strain • Cross-walls form to produce gametangia.

  16. Sexual reproduction + Strain - Strain • The walls of the gametangia dissolve and a number of fertilisations take place producing diploid zygote nuclei.

  17. Sexual reproduction + Strain - Strain • A zygospore forms around these nuclei. • When conditions are suitable the zygospore germinates by meiosis.

  18. Sexual reproduction + Strain - Strain • A zygospore forms around these nuclei. • When conditions are suitable the zygospore germinates by meiosis.

  19. Sexual reproduction • A hypha grows out of the zygospore and produces a sporangium at the tip. • The sporangium opens releasing many haploid spores which grow into new individuals.

  20. Review of sexual reproduction • Sexual reproduction in Rhizopus can only occur between a plus and a minus strain • When hyphae from opposite strains grow close together swellings grow on both strains and touch each other • Nuclei from both hyphae move into these swellings which are now called progametangia • Cross-walls form to produce gametangia

  21. The walls of the gametangia dissolve and a number of fertilisations take place producing diploid zygote nuclei • A zygospore forms around these nuclei • When conditions are suitable the zygospore germinates by meiosis • A hypha grows out of the zygospore and produces a sporangium at the tip • The sporangium opens releasing many haploid spores which grow into new individuals

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