IM426 – Business case 4 ( AiT ech ): IBM's Watson

1. IM426 – Business case 4 (AiTech): IBM's Watson Original case source & reference: Rainer, Kelly, Prince, Brad and Watson, Hugh, Management Information Systems: Moving Business Forward, John Willey & Sons, Inc.: New Jersey, 3rd Edition, 2015 Prepared by: Celeste Ng Date Updated: March–June 2016-2019

2. IBM’s Watson

3. How does IBM Jeopardy! Watson Source: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/what-is-watson.html How does Watson work – Video-1 Watson 如何學習新主題? 1.所有相關的資料都上傳到 Watson  corpus of knowledge 2.問題和相對答案被用來訓練Watson • 1.所有相關的資料都上傳到 Watson • corpus of knowledge • curating content (eliminating irrelevant contents) •  ingestion (building knowledge graphs) 3.當有新信息出現時， Watson會被更新 Watson 如何回答問題? 1.Watson搜索數百萬份文件 2.收集證據並使用評分算法對證據進行評分 3.根據分數排列所有可能的答案

4. Cognitive Computing認知計算 • IBM Watson is based on cognitive computing [AI technique] ... • Cognitive is “relating to the mental processes of perception知覺, memory, judgment, and reasoning推理” (是“與感知，記憶，判斷和推理的心理過程有關) • (Source: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/cognitive ) • “Cognitive computing is the simulation of human thought processes in a computerized model. (認知計算 -模擬人類思維的過程) • Cognitive computing involves self-learning systems自學系統that usedata mining數據挖掘, pattern recognition模式識別and natural language processing自然語言處理to mimic the way the human brain works” • (Source: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/cognitive-computing )

5. IBM’s Jeopardy! Watson • Youtube: • Jeopardy Quiz --- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFR3lOm_xhE • IBM’s Watson -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Xcmh1LQB9I ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0Obm0DBvwI • Cognitive computing is the simulation of human thought processes in a computerized model, including the steps involved in making decision. What are the four key steps used by human in making decisions? • Observe (evidence), Interpret (understand what was known and is newly known), Evaluate (right or wrong hypotheses), Decide • Factors considered in natural language processing (NLP) • Rule (sentence, idioms, writing forms) • Grammar • Context • Culture

6. Business case questions (1) • What applications can you think of for Watson in a university setting?

7. Business case questions (2) • What are potential disadvantage of using Watson in healthcare settings? • Would you consider being diagnosed only by Watson? Why or why not? • Would you consider being diagnosed by your personal physician, if he or she consulted Watson? Why or why not?

8. Area of applications for IBM Watson (1)

9. Area of applications for IBM Watson (2)

10. Key point in “Business Case 3” • www.ibm.com • Business problem • Design a CBIS that interacts in natural human terms • Identifying ways to expand and create new market for its product • Implication for business • Businesses can create new business opportunities by using advanced IS/IT • Business needs to constantly change and be innovative in order to adapt itselfin an ever changing business environment

11. Translation • Artificial intelligence人工智能 • Posed in natural language在自然語言提出 • Information retrieval信息獲取 • Quiz show猜謎節目 • Full text全文 • Distinctive與眾不同 • Surpassed超越 • Ingest採集 • Therapy治療 • Medical diagnosis醫療診斷 • Healthcare insurance醫療保險 • Claim索賠 • Medical annotations醫療註解 • Hereditary history遺傳歷史 • Immersed浸入 • Continent大陸 • Sanitation衛生 • Agriculture農業 • Grocery chain食品雜貨連鎖店 • Millennial