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OSI Model and Routing Protocols for Network Communication

Learn about OSI layers and their functions, routing in networks, Ethernet specifications, encapsulation, routing protocols, path determination, dynamic routing, and more. Explore the benefits and practical applications of the OSI model and routing protocols.

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OSI Model and Routing Protocols for Network Communication

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  1. CCNA 3 Chapter 1Review: The OSI Reference Model and Routing By Your Name

  2. Objectives • Describe the overall function of the OSI reference model and the problems it solves • Describe the characteristics of the: • OSI physical layer • OSI data link layer • OSI network layer • OSI transport layer • Describe the function of routing in networks • Understand the different classes of routing protocols

  3. Benefits of the OSI Model?

  4. OSI Layers with Purpose

  5. Peer-to-Peer Communication

  6. Data Encapsulation

  7. Types of Ethernet • Ethernet and IEEE 802.3—LAN specifications, which operate at 10 Mbps over coaxial and twisted-pair cable. • 100-Mbps Ethernet— A single LAN specification, also known as Fast Ethernet, which operates at 100 Mbps over twisted-pair cable. • 1000Mbps Ethernet — A single LAN specification, also known as Gigabit Ethernet, which operates at 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) over fiber and twisted-pair cables. • 10 Gigabit Ethernet is only supported over fiber optic media.

  8. Three Varieties of 10Mbps Ethernet • 10BASE-2 • Known as thin Ethernet or thinnet • Allows network segments up to 185 meters on coaxial cable • 10BASE-5 • Known as thick Ethernet or thicknet • Allows network segments up to 500 meters on coaxial cable • 10BASE-T • Carries Ethernet frames on inexpensive twisted-pair wiring

  9. Encapsulation

  10. The Physical Layer

  11. The Data Link Layer The Ethernet/802.3 Interface

  12. Comparing Models

  13. Address Classes

  14. Address Class Prefixes

  15. Subnetting Chart

  16. Layer 3 Addresses - Path and Host Information

  17. ICMP Testing

  18. How ARP Works

  19. Routing Table

  20. IGP vs. EGP

  21. Path Determination

  22. Network and Host Addressing

  23. Path Selection and Packet Switching

  24. Network Layer Devices in Data Flow

  25. Routing Metrics

  26. Routed Versus Routing Protocol

  27. Path Switching The network layer (3) address does not change. The data link layer (2) MAC address changes for each segment.

  28. Static Versus Dynamic Routes • The purpose of a static route • Why dynamic routing is necessary • Dynamic routing operations • How distances on network paths are determined by various metrics • Classes of routing protocols • Time for convergence

  29. Static Versus Dynamic Routes

  30. Dynamic Routing Operations

  31. Routing Protocols • A routing protocol defines the set of rules used by a router when it communicates with neighboring routers, including the following: • How to send updates • What knowledge these updates contain • When to send this knowledge • How to locate recipients of the updates

  32. Time to Convergence

  33. DistanceVector Routing Basics • Routing updates explained • The problem of routing loops • The problem of counting to infinity • Link-state routing basics • How link-state protocols exchange routing information • How topology changes propagate through the network of routers

  34. DistanceVector Routing Basics

  35. DistanceVector Discovery

  36. DistanceVector Topology Changes

  37. Routing Metric Components

  38. Link-State Routing Basics

  39. Counting to Infinity

  40. Split Horizon

  41. Route Poisoning

  42. Link-State Network Discovery

  43. Link-State Topology Changes

  44. Link-State Concerns

  45. DistanceVector Versus LinkState

  46. Hybrid Protocols Cisco’s EIGRP

  47. The Transport Layer • Segmenting upper-layer applications • Establishing a connection • Data transfer • Reliability with windowing • Acknowledgment techniques

  48. "Reliable" Transport

  49. Three-Way Handshake

  50. Data Transfer

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