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Journey Through the Male Reproductive System

Explore the path of sperm production in the male reproductive system, from the testes to ejaculation. Learn about the role of each organ and gland, including testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. Discover the process of spermatogenesis, semen production, and the intricate anatomy involved.

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Journey Through the Male Reproductive System

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  1. Male Reproductive System

  2. Path and Production of Sperm • Testes- olive size (1-1.5in) • Divided into lobules • Lobules contain 1-4 seminiferous tubules • Between seminiferous tubules are interstitial cells • Interstitial cells produce androgens = testosterone • Sperm leave S.F.T. to go into epididymus.

  3. Lobules Atrophied Testes: Alcoholism, Mumps Normal

  4. Inside the seminiferous tubules seminiferous tubules Spermatozoa Cells

  5. The path continues…. • Epididymus • 20 ft. coiled on posterior lateral side of testis • Use: temporary storage of immature sperm. • Sperm travel approximately 1 ft a day • Sperm gain ability to swim at the end • When stimulated male epididymus contracts to expel sperm into the vas deference.

  6. The long and windy road… • Vas Deferens • Runs up epididymus into pelvic cavity • Arches over bladder • Empties into ejaculatory duct. • Vasectomy = vas deference is cut or cauterized. • Sperm produced but reabsorbed • Testosterone still produced. Sex drive and characteristics remain the same. Pregnancy & Reproductive Vasectomy

  7. Follow the Vas Deferens

  8. Still traveling…. • Ejaculatory duct- (ejac to shoot forth) • Passes through prostate gland • Merges with urethra • Moves sperm through peristaltic waves.

  9. The road has an end. • Urethra • Sperm are ejaculated through it • Urine and sperm can’t travel at the same time • Bladder sphincter constricts when sperm ejaculates.

  10. Accessory Glands • Seminal Vesicle • 60% of semen • Thick and Yellow • Sugar nourishes • Vitamin C activates sperm • Excretes into the ejaculatory duct

  11. Extra Accessories • Prostate Gland • Chestnut size and shape • Below bladder, anterior to rectum = milky fluid activates sperm • Examined by rectal exam • Problem- • Hypertrophy of prostate strangles the urethra,causes bladder infections and difficulty urinating. • Cures: Balloon method, radiation, drugs

  12. Prostate Location (Right) and enlarged prostate (L). Should be 3-4 cm.

  13. How the problem effects the male urinary system: • Prostate Gland • 3 lobes enlarged • Caused a stone to form in the bladder. Prostate Cancer Biopsy & Removal This one Talks

  14. Even more Accessories… • Bulbourethral Glands • Pea-sized inferior to prostate • Secrete thick clear mucous • 1st secretion. • Jobs • Cleanses urethra and removes acidic traces of urine • Lubricant during sexual intercourse

  15. Semen • Alkaline pH 7.2-7.6 • Neutralizes vaginal pH of 3.5 • Dilutes sperm – increasing sperm motility • Approximately 1 tsp (5ml) of fluid ejaculated with 50-130 million sperm in each ml.

  16. Sperm Production • Spermatogenesis. • Starts in puberty when FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary. • Primary spermatocytes then go through meiosis. (4 sperm are made) • Takes 64-72 days to make sperm • 23 Chromosomes = Haploid. Spermatogenesis

  17. Infertility • Diagnosed by semen analysis. • Check sperm count, motility, and morphology • Less than 20 million sperm/ml- infertile • Threats to sperm = • Antibiotics- suppress sperm formation • Radiation, pesticides, lead, pot, tobacco, heat Pregnancy & Reproductive Impotence

  18. External Genitalia • Scrotum • Job to decrease temp. to keep sperm viable • Changes in scrotal surface area depending on Temp. • Penis or ‘tail’ • Urethra is surrounded by three tubes of erectile tissue • Fill with blood when excited = erection

  19. Testosterone Production • Interstitial cells- activated by lutenizing hormone (LH) of the pituitary • Produce Testosterone = secondary sex characteristics • Deep Voice from enlarged larynx • Increased hair growth • Heightened skeletal muscle and bone size

  20. Parts of the sperm Acrosome: Cap of the sperm. Has a Lysosome to eat into the egg. Head: Contains DNA/ Chromosomes Midpiece is full of mitochondria to make ATP for sperm movement. Tail: Used to move sperm.

  21. Practice

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