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Stroke. by: Katarina Batinjan Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. CVA - medical emergency can cause permanent neurological damage, complications and death in the western world - second most common cause of death and d isability.
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Stroke by: Katarina Batinjan Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
CVA- medical emergency • can cause permanent neurologicaldamage, complications and death • in the western world - second most common cause of death and disability
Risk factorsfor stroke include: • advanced age • hypertension* • previous stroke • diabetes • high cholesterol • cigarette smoking
Three types: • thrombotic • embolic ischemic • hemorrhagic
Thrombotic stroke • ischemic stroke caused by thrombosis • a thrombus (blood clot) usually forms around atherosclerotic plaques • causes occlusion of the vessel
Large vessel disease - atherosclerosis - inflammatory diseases (Takayasuarteritis, giant cell arteritis, vasculitis...) • Small vessel disease - branches of the circle of Wilisi, middle cerebral artery ...
What type of anemia can we associate with thrombotic stroke?
Diagnosis • neurological examination
CT scans • MRI scans • Doppler ultrasound • arteriography
Treatment • removing blood clot from the vessel by breaking clot • fast reaction → blood flow restored → smaller number of brain cells die
thrombectomy - mechanical • thrombolysis – using drugs
Epidemiology • stroke could soon be the most common cause of death worldwide • "stroke belt" in southeastern U S • 95% of strokes occur in people age 45+, and two-thirds of strokes occur in the over-65group
men 1.25 times more likely to suffer strokes than women • previous stroke increases risk of future stroke
Primary prevention - stop smoking, exercise...
Secondary prevention - anticoagulation drugs
References • www.wikipedia.org • Medical English handout (Chabner) • www.healthline.com