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Stroke

Stroke. by: Katarina Batinjan Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. CVA - medical emergency can cause permanent neurological damage, complications and death in the western world - second most common cause of death and d isability.

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Stroke

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  1. Stroke by: Katarina Batinjan Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. CVA- medical emergency • can cause permanent neurologicaldamage, complications and death • in the western world - second most common cause of death and disability

  3. Risk factorsfor stroke include: • advanced age • hypertension* • previous stroke • diabetes • high cholesterol • cigarette smoking

  4. Three types: • thrombotic • embolic ischemic • hemorrhagic

  5. Thrombotic stroke • ischemic stroke caused by thrombosis • a thrombus (blood clot) usually forms around atherosclerotic plaques • causes occlusion of the vessel

  6. Large vessel disease - atherosclerosis - inflammatory diseases (Takayasuarteritis, giant cell arteritis, vasculitis...) • Small vessel disease - branches of the circle of Wilisi, middle cerebral artery ...

  7. What type of anemia can we associate with thrombotic stroke?

  8. Sickle cell anemia

  9. Diagnosis • neurological examination

  10. CT scans • MRI scans • Doppler ultrasound • arteriography

  11. Treatment • removing blood clot from the vessel by breaking clot • fast reaction → blood flow restored → smaller number of brain cells die

  12. How can we break a clot?

  13. thrombectomy - mechanical • thrombolysis – using drugs

  14. Epidemiology • stroke could soon be the most common cause of death worldwide • "stroke belt" in southeastern U S • 95% of strokes occur in people age 45+, and two-thirds of strokes occur in the over-65group

  15. men 1.25 times more likely to suffer strokes than women • previous stroke increases risk of future stroke

  16. How can we prevent stroke?

  17. Primary prevention - stop smoking, exercise...

  18. Secondary prevention - anticoagulation drugs

  19. References • www.wikipedia.org • Medical English handout (Chabner) • www.healthline.com

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