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Introducing DNA

Learn about DNA structure, replication, transcription, and translation processes in this comprehensive guide. Understand how DNA forms a double helix, replicates, and codes for proteins. Explore the significance of complementary base pairing and genetic coding. Discover how genes store information and how polypeptides are created. Dive into DNA and RNA differences and the roles of ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, and more in translation. Uncover the relationship between genes and polypeptides.

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Introducing DNA

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  1. Introducing DNA

  2. Outline DNA nucleotide structure in terms of sugar, base, and phosphate

  3. Outline how DNA nucleotides are linked by covalent bondsinto a polymer

  4. Explain how a DNA double helix is formed using complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds

  5. Draw and label a simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA

  6. Explain DNA replication in terms of unwinding the double helix and separation of the strands by helicase, followed by formation of the new complementary strands by DNA polymerase

  7. DNA Replication

  8. Explain the significance of complementary base pairing in the conservation of the base sequence of DNA • State that DNA replication is semi-conservative

  9. Replication Animation • http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/teaching/genetics/animations/dna_replication.htm

  10. Polypeptides and Genes • Polypeptides are long chains of amino acids • So then, what are proteins? • Genes: • segments of DNA that store information that determines the sequence of amino acids of a polypeptide • The information in genes is decoded during the production of a polypeptide via Transcription and Translation

  11. DNA and RNA Differences between • Feature DNA RNA • # of strands: ds; double helix typically ss • Type of Sugar: deoxyribose ribose • Types of bases: A,T,G,C A,U,G,C

  12. Transcription – converting DNA into RNA: Compare the structure of RNA and DNA

  13. Outline DNA transcription in terms of the formation of an RNA strand complementary to the DNA strand by RNA polymerase

  14. Describe the genetic code in termso f codons composed of triplets of bases

  15. Translation Basics • Carried out by: • Ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, the genetic code

  16. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

  17. Explain the process of translation, leading to polypeptide formation. • Include the roles of messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), codons, anticodons, ribosomes, and amino acids

  18. Translation Step 1 - Initiation • http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation/movie.htm

  19. Discuss the relationship of one gene one polypeptide

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