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Proteins are essential macromolecules composed of monomers called amino acids, which are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptides. They play crucial roles in various biological functions, including structure, movement, defense, and the control of chemical reactions. Proteins are found in hair, muscles, nails, feathers, and hormones and consist of elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Their structure is categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, which determine their functionality. Environmental factors can denature proteins, affecting their 3D shape and activity.
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Proteins • Proteins are made up of monomers called AMINO ACIDS • Function is structure, movement, defense , and control chemical reactions • Found in hair, muscles, nails, feathers, hormones… • Made of elements C-H-O-N-S An amino acids bonds to another amino acid by a covalent peptide bond forming a peptide • A protein is a chain of amino acids Peptides bond to peptides by peptide bonds making polypeptides • A protein is a polypeptide
Protein Structure • Primary Structure – sequence of amino acids in a chain • Secondary structure – chain of amino acids either folds (b folds) or twists (a helix) • Tertiary structure – • keeps primary and secondary structure • 3D shape • Determines polarity
Denaturing of Protein –The shape of protein determines the work it can do. If the 3D shape is destroyed the protein remains but cannot function properly. Environmental factors such as pH, temperature can denature a protein.
