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Exploring Body Positions and Anatomical Landmarks in Health Sciences

This chapter delves into various body positions like supine and prone, with special attention to Trendelenburg and Fowler’s positions. Learn about standardized anatomical positions, Pathology Connections, Body Planes, and Directional Terms. Understand Body Cavities, Regions, and Radiology in the context of health sciences. Explore terms used to describe the body, areas of the body, and diagnostic pathways in radiology. Equip yourself with knowledge on X-ray, MRI, and CT scans for a comprehensive understanding of the human body.

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Exploring Body Positions and Anatomical Landmarks in Health Sciences

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  1. Map of the Human Body Chapter 2 A and P Health Sciences mmoyer@mbit.org

  2. Positions • Supine • Prone • Trendelenburg • Fowler’s • Video • Lab

  3. Body Positions • Anatomical – Standardized for all anatomy • A Upright position • B Feet apart • C Palms Up • D Face forward

  4. Pathology Connections • Relative to certain clinical scenarios • Trendelenburg • Postural drainage • AVOID with ICP • why?? • AVOID pc for 2-4 hours • why??

  5. Pathological Connections • Sim’s • Rectal procedures • Prone/Supine • Examinations • Fowler’s • Orthopnea • Drainage • Orthostatic Hypotension

  6. Body Planes • Frontal or Coronal Plane • Divides body into Front and Back • Median Plane – Left and Right sides • Mid Sagittal = halves • Sagittal – left and right sections • Transverse- • Divides body into Upper and lower sections

  7. Directional Terms • Superior ( Cranial or Cephalic) • Inferior ( Caudal) • Medial • Lateral • Anterior ( Ventral ) • Posterior ( Dorsal) • Distal • Proximal

  8. Directional Terms • External • Internal • Superficial • Deep – under the surface body • Central – locations around center of body • Peripheral – surrounding outer regions body

  9. Body Cavities • House or protect organs • Ventral • Thoracic • Mediastinal/ pericardial cavity Abdominal pelvic • Dorsal Cavity • Cranial • Spinal

  10. Body Cavities • Regions of the Spinal Column • Cervical C1-C7 • Thoracic T1-T12 • Lumbar L1-L5 • Sacral S(fused S1-S5 • Coccyx Tail Bone • Cavities located in the skull • Nasal • Oral /Buccal • Orbital

  11. Body Cavities

  12. Body Regions • Abdominal

  13. Abdominal Quadrants • http://quizlet.com/1847323/organs-found-in-the-four-abdominal-quadrants-flash-cards/

  14. http://www.free-ed.net/sweethaven/MedTech/NurseCare/GastroNurse01.asp?iNum=17http://www.free-ed.net/sweethaven/MedTech/NurseCare/GastroNurse01.asp?iNum=17 • http://quizlet.com/2692067/body-cavities-flash-cards/

  15. Terms used to Describe the Body • Antecubital elbow- BP • Antebrachial forearm • Axillary – arm pit • Brachial – bicep area • Buccal- mouth • Digital fingers • Carpal wrist – Carpel tunnel • Cervical neck • Lateral – away from • Bi Lateral both sides • Ipsilateral – same side • Contralateral opposite side

  16. Areas of the Body • Femoral • Gluteal • Lumbar • Nasal • Oral • Orbital • Patellar • Plantar • Pubic • Sternal • Thoracic

  17. Radiology • Science of Viewing the body • Diagnostic Pathway • High energy radiation that penetrates the body • Provides 2 dimensional views

  18. X-ray • Air- Black on film • Tissue/fat thicker area lighter the images • Water- mid range density more dense than air less than bone • Bone/metal highest density-absorbs most radiation – film image white

  19. Problems/ concerns X-ray • One dimensional • Terms • PA- upright position – chest in front of film radiation moves from back to front (PA)- Shoulders commonly rotated distance 6ft • AP- back against cassette- distance 48inches – portable xray • Lateral – from side – perception of 3D

  20. Radiology • MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Greater detail • No radiation • Precautions • CT – Computerized Tomography • Thin slices – 3D view • Reveals true depth of tumor

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