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Understanding Cell Transport Mechanisms: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport

This chapter explores essential processes of cell transport, focusing on diffusion and osmosis, and comparing passive and active transport. Key vocabulary includes osmosis, diffusion, passive transport, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis, and semipermeable membranes. Learn how water diffuses through semipermeable membranes, how particles move across cell membranes with or without energy, and the mechanisms that allow cells to take in large particles or expel waste. This foundational knowledge is vital for understanding cellular functions and energy metabolism.

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Understanding Cell Transport Mechanisms: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport

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  1. Objectives for Chapter 4 • 1. Explain the process of diffusion • 2. Describe how osmosis occurs • 3. Compare passive transport with active transport • 4. Explain how large particles get into and out of cells

  2. Chapter 4:Vocabulary osmosis: diffusion: passive transport active transport endocytosis: exocytosis: semipermeable: Go to Chapter 4 in your online textbook and define these words

  3. Vocabulary Defined • osmosis- the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane • diffusion- the movement of particles from regions of high concentration to low concentration (no energy required) • semipermeable- only certain substances can pass through

  4. Examples Osmosis/Diffusion

  5. More Examples…

  6. Examples of Osmosis • Red blood cells • Plant cells

  7. Moving Small Particles • passive transport-movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy (move from high concentration to low concentration) • active transport-movement of particles to requires energy from low concentration to high concentration • diffusion

  8. Examples Passive/Active Transport

  9. Moving Large Particles • endocytosis-active transport process by which a cell surrounds a large particle such as a protein and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle “into” the cell • exocytosis- active transport process that the cell uses to enclose waste materials that are inside the cell to release them out of the cell

  10. Examples of Endo and ExoCytosis

  11. Worksheet • Fill in the worksheet

  12. Homework Watch Brainpop for the following: (aacp; 123) • diffusion • passive and active transport I will quiz you on these tomorrow!

  13. Objectives • Describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration • Compare cellular respiration with fermentation

  14. Vocabulary • photosynthesis • cellular respiration • fermentation • pigments

  15. Photosynthesis and Respiration

  16. Cellular respiration • Chemical process that takes place in cells • Takes place in the mitochondria • Most of the energy released is used to maintain body temperature C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

  17. Fermentation • The breakdown of food to obtain energy without the use of oxygen • Examples: leg cramps (burning sensation) • One type: when muscles produce lactic acid when oxygen is unavailable • Bacteria, fungi, and yeast are other examples

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