Managing Your Weight: Finding A Healthy Balance

1. 10 Managing Your Weight:Finding A Healthy Balance

2. Introduction • 61% of Americans are overweight • 500,000 lives are lost each year • Many health risks associated, e.g. diabetes, coronary heart disease, etc. • $100 billion in medical expenses and lost productivity

3. Table 10.2

4. Body Image • Determining the Right Weight for You • Reference Table 10.2 for Healthy Weight Ranges • Redefining Obesity: Past Scales • Obesity is defined as an accumulation of fat • Gradient definitions of overweight and obesity • Men and women have different expected amounts of fat

5. Body Image • Too Little Fat? • Minimum for men 3-4% • Women 8% – amenorrhea

6. Body Mass Index: Are You at a Healthy Weight? Figure 10.1

7. Assessing Fat Levels • Body Mass Index • Index of the relationship between height and weight • BMI of 19-25 indicates healthy weight • Does have limitations • Waist-to-Hip Ratio • Weight in abdominal region associated with more risk • Waistline greater than 40 inches men / 35 in women, risky

8. Assessing Fat Levels • Measures of Body Fat • Hydrostatic weighing technique • Pinch and skinfold measure • Girth and circumference measure • Soft-tissue roentgenogram • Bioelectrical impedance analysis • Total body electrical conductivity

9. Risk Factors for Obesity • Key Environmental Factors • Energy intake is high • Bombarded with advertising • Changes in working families • Bottle feeding • Increase in sedentary lifestyle

10. Risk Factors for Obesity • Heredity • Body type and genes • Obesity genes • Hunger, Appetite, and Satiety • Adaptive thermogenesis • Brown fat cells • What is the difference between hunger, appetite, and satiety?

11. Risk Factors for Obesity • Developmental Factors • Hyperplasia • Hypertrophy

12. Risk Factors for Obesity • Setpoint Theory • Body has a set weight • Plateau • Endocrine Influence • Thyroid gland • Psychosocial Factors • Food as reward

13. Risk Factors for Obesity • Metabolic Changes • Age • Body composition • Gender • Lifestyle • Activity • Calorie intake • Smoking

14. Risk Factors for Obesity • Gender and Obesity • Women more vulnerable to weight gain • Social physique anxiety (SPA)

15. Managing Your Weight • Keeping Weight Control in Perspective • Each person is different • Weight loss is not simple • Setting Realistic Goals • Maintainable lifestyle change

16. Managing Your Weight • What is a Calorie? • Unit of measure of the amount of energy obtained from food • One pound of fat = 3,500 calories • Exercise • Resting metabolic rate • Exercising metabolic rate

17. Managing Your Weight • Changing Your Eating Habits • What triggers your eating • Selecting a Nutritional Plan • Set goals • Seek help from reputable sources

18. Managing Your Weight • “Miracle” Diets • Health Risks • Ketosis • Trying to Gain Weight • Control exercise • Eat more calories • Supplement your diet • Relax

19. Eating Disorders • Anorexia Nervosa • Self-starvation • Intense fear of fat • 1% of adolescent girls • Bulimia Nervosa • Binge and then take inappropriate measures to lose calories • 3% of adolescent and young females

20. Eating Disorders • Bulimia Nervosa (continued) • Males 1 for every 10 females • Often at normal weight • Binge Eating Disorder • Often clinically obese • Eat excessive amounts without purging

21. Table 10.3

22. Eating Disorders • Who is at Risk? • Most often young people • Obsessive-compulsive disorder/depression/anxiety all play a role • Tend to be women from middle to upper class families • Male sufferers are increasing

23. Eating Disorders • Treatments for Eating Disorders • Goal is to stabilize the patient’s life • Long-term therapy • Multidimensional approach