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Comparative Anatomy of Circulation Systems in Organisms

Explore how different organisms manage circulation, from single-celled protozoa to complex humans with a closed circulatory system. Learn about the structures such as arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood components like red and white blood cells. Understand the fascinating mechanisms behind blood clotting and how blood pressure is regulated.

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Comparative Anatomy of Circulation Systems in Organisms

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  1. Comparative Anatomy Circulation Putting all cells in contact with the surrounding environment!

  2. Circulation • Organisms of small number of cells • DO NOT need circulation structures • ALL cells are in contact with environment for food, gases, and waste removal

  3. Organisms of Large Number of Cells • need circulation structures due to not all cells being in contact with the environment • Substances made/collected in one part of the organism are needed in another part. • Transportation Structures are needed.

  4. Protozoa • No Circulation Structures • Only one cell • All cells in contact with the environment

  5. Hydra • No circulatory structures • 2-cells thick • All cells in contact with the Environment

  6. Planaria • No circulation structures • Yes, multi-celled, but the organism is flat. • All cells are in contact with environment

  7. Earthworm • Closed Circulatory System • 5 pairs of “hearts” • Dorsal blood vessel (along back) - to head • Ventral blood vessel (along belly) - to tail • Branches off at each segment and connects both top/bottom vessels.

  8. Grasshopper • Open Circulation System • “Heart” • Dorsal Blood Vessel • trickles through the spaces between cells (no blood vessels) • Returns back to heart.

  9. Human • Closed Circulation • 4-chambered Heart • Right - to Lungs • Left - to Body • Pathway: • Body, Rt. Atrium, Rt. Ventricle, Lungs, Lt. Atrium, Lt. Ventricle, Aorta, Body

  10. Arteries • AWAY from heart • carry oxygen-rich blood • thick, elastic walls to handle pressure • allow to expand under pressure

  11. Capillaries • smallest of blood vessels • allow one blood cell through at a time • material exchange occurs here. • Unites arteries with veins. • BP drops

  12. Veins • TOWARDS Heart • collect blood after pass through capillaries. • Thin walled, less elastic • one-way valves • near Skeletal Muscles • help pump blood back to heart. • Exercise is important

  13. Blood Pressure • Body sensors • too low - surrounding smooth muscles contract • too high - surrounding smooth muscles relax • Kidneys • too high - remove water • too low - re-absorb more water

  14. Blood • 4-6 liters of blood • 45% of Blood • Red Blood Cells (RBC) • White Blood Cells (WBC) • Platelets • 55% Plasms

  15. Red Blood Cells • Hemoglobin • Iron containing protein that increases the blood’s ability to carry oxygen • Produced in Bone Marrow • No Nucleus • Life span 120 days • Replace 1% each day

  16. White Blood Cells • Do not contain hemoglobin • Made in bone marrow • Have nuclei (long life - many months / years) • Immunity Function • destroy foreign invaders (bacteria, virus, parasites, etc.)

  17. Platelets • Blood Clotting proteins • reach cut, become “sticky” and clump together - clot forms

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