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Bioluminescence Exercises at LEO-15: Summer 1999

Bioluminescence Exercises at LEO-15: Summer 1999. Mark A. Moline Biological Sciences Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407. James Case & Christy Herren Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.

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Bioluminescence Exercises at LEO-15: Summer 1999

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  1. Bioluminescence Exercises at LEO-15: Summer 1999 Mark A. Moline Biological Sciences Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 James Case & Christy Herren Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Oscar Schofield & Scott Glenn Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 W. Paul Bissett Florida Environmental Research Institute Tampa, FL 33611

  2. Goals • Deploy BBP REMUS @ LEO-15 • Sample around REMUS deployment area for nearshore optics, physical structure and biological patterns • Assess in water parameters as predictors • Utilize in water optics to predict potential emerging bioluminescence from surface waters

  3. Strategy • Deploy REMUS vehicle twice • Use shipboard profiling on a larger grid surrounding the deployment area • Profile within the REMUS deployment area

  4. Assets REMUS (Remote Environmental Monitoring UnitS) Range: 40 km Navigation: long baseline acoustic Flight Pattern: Combination Bioluminescence Bathyphotometer Flow Rate: 300-500 ml/s Sensivitity: 1E6 - 1E13 photons/s

  5. Assets R/V Arabella Minnow

  6. Parameter Bioluminescence Fluorescence Absorption Attenuation Scattering Particle Size Instruments/Parameters Profiling REMUS BRER BBP HS-6 Fluorometer AC-9 -- AC-9 -- HS-6 (AC-9) OBS -- LISST

  7. Sampling Grid(s)

  8. 5m REMUS Volume 16m 16m Sampling Grid(s) Bathymetry

  9. ~2km

  10. Larger Grid Patterns BL (ph/s/.35L) 1E7 1E12 REMUS Volume

  11. Larger Grid Patterns BL (ph/s/.35L) 1E7 1E12 0 Depth (m) 15 Latitude (~5km) Longitude (~2km)

  12. Larger Grid Patterns Movie

  13. Larger Grid Patterns BL Isosurfaces 1E10 ph/s/35L 0 3E11 ph/s/.35L Depth (m) 15 Latitude (~5km) Longitude (~2km)

  14. REMUS Flight Pattern #1 Depth (m) Latitude (~300m) Longitude (~500m)

  15. REMUS Bioluminescence Pattern BL Isosurfaces 5E10ph/s/.35L 1E11ph/s/.35L Depth (m) Latitude (~300m) Longitude (~500m)

  16. REMUS Fluorescence Pattern FL Isosurfaces 380v 961 v Depth (m) Latitude (~300m) Longitude (~500m)

  17. Bioluminescence (ph/s/.35L) 9.00E+09 2.00E+10 4.00E+10 6.00E+10 9.00E+09 2.00E+10 4.00E+10 6.00E+10 2 2 RUN #1 RUN #2 3 3 4 4 Depth (m) 5 5 6 6 7 7 3.00E+02 7.00E+02 1.10E+03 3.00E+02 7.00E+02 1.10E+03 Fluorescence (v) OBS x 10 (v) REMUS - Averaged Profiles

  18. Larger Grid Patterns BL (ph/s/.35L) 1E7 1E12 0 Depth (m) 15 Latitude (~5km) Longitude (~2km)

  19. REMUS Bioluminescence Pattern BL Isosurfaces 5E10ph/s/.35L 1E11ph/s/.35L Depth (m) Latitude (~300m) Longitude (~500m)

  20. REMUS vs. Grid Profile Bioluminescence (ph/s/.35L) 1.00E+09 1.00E+10 1.00E+11 1.00E+12 0 Profile 3 REMUS Run #1 6 Depth (m) REMUS Run #2 9 12 15

  21. BL O BS A B C F luo r Bb Ba c ks c at A BS S ca t A TT Ba c ks c at BL -0.21 -0.21 -0.40 -0.39 0.09 -0.35 - - O BS 0.10 0.16 0.16 -0.03 0.20 - - Ba c ks c at A 0.60 0.30 0.15 0.14 - - A BS B 0.94 0.2 0.24 - - S ca t C 0.17 0.22 - - A TT F luo r -0.42 - - Bb - - Ba c ks c at Correlation w/ Profile Parameters

  22. Conclusions • Small AUVs show great promise • Bioluminescence was highly variable in space and time • Majority of bioluminescence was associated with heterotrophs • General patterns for ship and REMUS deployments were similar • Optical parameters not strongly correlated with the bioluminescence; however the optical parameters are essential for propagating BL signal (see Paul)

  23. Future Efforts • Installation of a BBP on the optical node: • Continuous Real-Time vertical profiles of BL • Node instrumentation includes IOP optics, particle size distribution and FRR (photophysiology) • In conjunction with vertical profiling pump to quantify autotrophic/heterotrophic communities. • Time series mapping of BL potential

  24. 1.0 1 Tidal cycle Upwelling Absorption at 440 nm (m-1) 6 Depth (m) 0 12 30 60 0 Time (hr)

  25. Future Efforts • Dedicated BBP REMUS system: • Targeted fine scale spatial distribution of BL @ LEO-15 • Vicarious calibrations with the node profiles of BL • Deployment on West Coast to examine seasonal responses of BL to runoff events (Plumes and Blooms study). • Spatial mapping of BL potential in shallow coastal regions

  26. Optical properties of the water column directly impact bioluminescence signal propagation

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