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I. The Nature of Solutions (p. 401 - 410, 425 - 433)

Ch. 13 & 14 - Solutions. I. The Nature of Solutions (p. 401 - 410, 425 - 433). A. Definitions. Solution - homogeneous mixture. Solute - substance being dissolved. Solvent - present in greater amount. A. Definitions. Solute - KMnO 4. Solvent - H 2 O. B. Solvation.

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I. The Nature of Solutions (p. 401 - 410, 425 - 433)

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  1. Ch. 13 & 14 - Solutions I. The Nature of Solutions(p. 401 - 410, 425 - 433)

  2. A. Definitions • Solution - homogeneous mixture Solute - substance being dissolved Solvent - present in greater amount

  3. A. Definitions Solute - KMnO4 Solvent - H2O

  4. B. Solvation • Solvation – the process of dissolving solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles First... solute particles are separated and pulled into solution Then...

  5. - + - - + + acetic acid salt sugar B. Solvation Non- Electrolyte Weak Electrolyte Strong Electrolyte solute exists as ions and molecules solute exists as ions only solute exists as molecules only DISSOCIATION IONIZATION View animation online.

  6. B. Solvation • Dissociation • separation of an ionic solid into aqueous ions NaCl(s)  Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

  7. B. Solvation • Ionization • breaking apart of some polar molecules into aqueous ions HNO3(aq) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + NO3–(aq)

  8. B. Solvation • Molecular Solvation • molecules stay intact C6H12O6(s)  C6H12O6(aq)

  9. NONPOLAR NONPOLAR POLAR POLAR B. Solvation “Like Dissolves Like”

  10. B. Solvation • Soap/Detergent • polar “head” with long nonpolar “tail” • dissolves nonpolar grease in polar water

  11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aC-KOYQsIvU&feature=related UNSATURATED SOLUTION more solute dissolves SATURATED SOLUTION no more solute dissolves SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION becomes unstable, crystals form C. Solubility concentration

  12. C. Solubility • Solubility • maximum grams of solute that will dissolve in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature • varies with temp • based on a saturated soln

  13. C. Solubility • Solubility Curve • shows the dependence of solubility on temperature

  14. C. Solubility • Gases are more soluble at... • low temperatures & • high pressures (Henry’s Law). • EX: nitrogen narcosis, the “bends,” soda • Solids are more soluble at... • high temperatures • Crushed • With agitation.

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