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THE NATURE OF SOLUTIONS

THE NATURE OF SOLUTIONS. What is a solution?. Solution  a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state EXAMPLES OF SOLUTIONS: lemonade, air, ocean water, fluids in your body, brass

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THE NATURE OF SOLUTIONS

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  1. THE NATURE OF SOLUTIONS

  2. What is a solution? Solution a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state EXAMPLES OF SOLUTIONS: lemonade, air, ocean water, fluids in your body, brass (REMEMBER: A mixture is a blend of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture made up of particles that do not contain visibly different parts.)

  3. PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS • The particles in a solution are very small atoms, molecules, or ions that cannot be seen. • The particles in a solution are evenly distributed or intermingled uniformly on a molecular level. • The particles in a solution will not separate no matter how long the solution is allowed to stand under constant conditions.

  4. In a solution, one substance is usually considered to be dissolved, or broken down, in another. SOLUTE the substance that is dissolved SOLVENT the substance that does the dissolving Parts of a Solution

  5. Soluble vs. Insoluble Not every substance dissolves in every other substance. SOLUBLE  a substance that dissolves in another substance INSOLUBLE a substance that does not dissolve in another substance

  6. Solutions can be observed in each of the three different physical states (solid, liquid, or gas). 1.) Solid solutions: contain two or more metals called alloys EXAMPLE: Sterling silver jewelry contains copper and silver. Gold jewelry contains gold and copper. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

  7. 2.) Gaseous solutions: a mixture of two or more gases EXAMPLE: The air we breathe consists of a mixture of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, neon, etc….

  8. 3.) Liquid solutions the solvent and the solution are liquids ; the solute may be gas, liquid, or a solid Miscible – the ability of a liquid to form a solution with another liquid in all proportions EXAMPLE: water and ethanol Immiscible – the inability of a liquid to form a solution with another liquid in all proportions EXAMPLE: Vinegar dissolved in water. (The liquid solution is made up of vinegar (the liquid solute) and water (the liquid solvent).

  9. 4.) Aqueous solutions solutions with water as the solvent ELECTROLYTE a substance that dissolves in water to form a solution that conducts an electric current (ex: salt water) NONELECTROLYTE a substance that dissolves in water to form a solution that does not conduct an electric current (ex: sugar water)

  10. PHASES OF SOLUTIONS Both the solute and solvent can be in any phase. • Solid-Solid alloy-steel (Fe in one or more other elements); Jewelry (Cu in Au) • Solid-Liquid coffee, ice packs, Kool-Aid • Liquid-Solid fillings liquid Hg in Ag, Sn, or Cu • Liquid-Liquid vinegar in water • Gas-Liquid pop (soda) • Gas-Gas air (O2 in N2); scuba tank (O2 in He)

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