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Aerosol Mass Closure Studies and Sampling Methods for PM10 and PM2.5

Detailed overview of chemical mass closure studies focusing on PM10, PM2.5, and size-segregated PM, including sampling methods, set-ups, and analysis techniques at various sites. Learn about the importance of thermal-optical carbon analysis and on-line mass closure measurements.

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Aerosol Mass Closure Studies and Sampling Methods for PM10 and PM2.5

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  1. Mass closure studies for PM10, PM2.5 and size-segregated PM Risto Hillamo Finnish Meteorological Institute

  2. Chemical mass closure studies Sampling methods • Set-up designed for mass closure studies or • Size-selective filter sampling (PM10, PM2.5 or PM2.5-10) Sites • Finokalia, Crete • SMEAR II in Hyytiälä, Finland • Helsinki, Finland • Six cities study (EU-funded PAMCHAR) Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  3. Set-up for aerosol mass closure studies Sample in VI=virtual impactor SDI=low pressure impactor Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  4. Finokalia, Crete, 2004- PM10 inlets Sampling set up for mass closure studies Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  5. Chemical analyses for mass closure studies • Ion chromatography (inorganic ions, diacids) • Thermal-optical carbon analysis (OC and EC) • Elemental analysis: ICP-MS and EDXRF • Other data • Gravimetric mass • Black carbon by the aethalometer or PSAP • PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration (β-abs. or TEOM) • PM mass concentration on the basis of number • concentration (DMPS, ELPI) Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  6. Thermal-opticalcarbon analysis (Sunset Lab) Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  7. Finokalia, Crete, 2004- Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  8. Summer 2004 and 2005 PM2.5 PM2.5-10 Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  9. SMEAR II in Hyytiälä, Finland, May 2004 Saarikoski S., Mäkelä T., Hillamo R., Aalto P. P., Kerminen V-M and Kulmala, M. (2005) Physico‑chemical characterization and mass closure of size-segregated atmospheric aerosols in Hyytiälä, Finland. Boreal Env. Res.10, p. 385-400. Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  10. SMEAR II in Hyytiälä, Finland, May 2004 POM=1.4*OC Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  11. Quartz fiber substrate (for EC/OC) Film or foil Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  12. Impactor cut-off diameter: quartz vs. film/foil substrate Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  13. Helsinki 2002-2003, seasonal study Mean mass concentration (A) Relative contribution (B) Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  14. Six cities study (EU-funded PAMCHAR) Components of the mass closure Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  15. Mean mass concentration (A) Relative contribution (B) Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  16. On-line mass closure measurement • Reduces uncertainties caused by artifacts during sampling, storage and handling • Gives better insight into sources and atmospheric processes • Several instruments available • One possibility to quantify the chemical composition is the combination of the particle into liquid sampler (PILS) + IC and the semi-continuous thermal-optical EC/OC-analyzer Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  17. Helsinki, spring 2006 PILS: inorganic ions, TEOM+FDMS: PM2.5 mass concentration Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  18. Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

  19. Conclusions Uncertainties • OC to POM conversion: POM=(1.4-2)×OC • OC/EC split (may need BC data) • For coarse fraction carbonate may contribute significantly the carbon content (up to 40%) • Particle-bound water (depends on pH) and particle density Future needs • On-line mass closure (combination of analytical methods and aerosol size distribution measurement or AMS) • Size-segregated information (modal mass closure) • Water-soluble organic carbon Risto Hillamo/TFMM 7th meeting

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