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Ecosystem Dynamics: Notes on Natural Selection and Interactions Among Organisms

Explore the concept of natural selection and interactions among living organisms, including adaptations, niches, competition, predation, and symbiosis. Understand how organisms evolve to survive in their environments and the various types of symbiotic relationships they engage in.

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Ecosystem Dynamics: Notes on Natural Selection and Interactions Among Organisms

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  1. Notes: Interactions Among Living Things Chapter 20 Section 3

  2. Natural Selection • Natural selection works like this: • Individuals whose unique characteristics are best suited for their environment tend to survive and produce offspring • Offspring that inherit these characteristics also survive to reproduce • Natural selection results in adaptations.

  3. Adaptation • The behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environments. • Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions

  4. Niche • The role of an organism in its environment. • A niche includes: • type of food the organism eats • how it obtains its food • which other organisms eat the organism as food • When and how the organism reproduces • Physical conditions it requires to survive

  5. 3 Types of Interactions that occur among organisms • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis

  6. 1. Competition • The struggle for organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource • Resources: food, water and shelter

  7. 2. Predation • Interaction where one organism kills another for food. • A predator is the hunter and the prey is the food.

  8. Population Size • Predation can have a major effect on the size of a population

  9. Predator Adaptations • Predators have adaptations that help them catch and kill their prey. • Examples: • Cheetah’s speed • Jellyfish’s tentacles • Owl’s eyes

  10. Prey Adaptations • Organisms have many different kinds of adaptations that help them avoid becoming prey. • Examples: • Camouflage • Mimicry • Protective covering • Warning coloring

  11. Camouflage • An adaptation that lets an animal hide by blending into its environment

  12. Mimicry • An adaptation where an animal copies the appearance of another animal.

  13. What is symbiosis? Literal definition:the act of living together What it means: Two organisms that live together Temporarily or for a longer time At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

  14. What are the different kinds of symbiosis? Mutualism Commensalism • both organisms benefit • one organism benefits • one organism benefits Parasitism • one organism is unaffected • one organism is harmed

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