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Stress and Faults

Do Now for Wednesday, February 20 th ! Use your knowledge of the Law of Superposition to arrange the layers of Earth from oldest to youngest . Stress and Faults. **.

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Stress and Faults

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  1. Do Now for Wednesday, February 20th!Use your knowledge of the Law of Superposition to arrange the layers of Earth from oldest to youngest.

  2. Stress and Faults **

  3. An earthquake is the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath the Earth’s surface.These forces are defined as stress! Stress in the Crust

  4. 3 Types of Stress *

  5. 1. Compression: stress that pushes rock together

  6. 2. Tension: stress that pulls rock apartRock gets thinner in the middle

  7. 3. Shearing: stress that pushes rock in opposite directions

  8. Any change in the shape of the Earth’s crust is called a deformation.

  9. Faults • A fault is a break in the earth’s crust. • Fault’s occur along plate boundaries where forces push and pull the earth’s plates.

  10. 3 Types of Faults * • 1. Strike-Slip Fault: occurs when rock on either side of the fault moves past each other in opposite directions • There is no up or down motion • Shearing stress causes this type of fault • Example: San Andreas Fault, Cal.

  11. * • 2. Normal Fault: occurs when the rock above the fault (the hanging wall) moves down (along the footwall) • Tension stress causes this type of fault • Creates valleys

  12. * • 3. Reverse Fault: occurs when rock above the fault (H.W.) move up (along the F.W.) • Compression stress causes this type of fault • Creates mountains

  13. * Strike Slip Fault!

  14. Mountain Building • Two normal faults can form a fault block mountain. Grand Tetons - Wyoming

  15. Mountains formed by folding

  16. Folds are bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of the Earth’s crust. Folds can be a few centimeters across or hundreds of kilometers wide. Himalayan Mountains are folded mountains!

  17. *An upward fold in rock is called an ANTICLINE!*A downward bend in the middle of rock is called a SYNCLINE! Black Hills, SD

  18. Plateau – A large area of flat, elevated land, high above sea level. North Rim, Grand Canyon, AZ

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