“ Duplicate ” Entries in Gazetteers

1. “Duplicate” Entries in Gazetteers jordan HastingsDepartment of GeographyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara

4. Names & Features(1) • Naming Features in the Environment • Linguistic Necessity • Identity and Ownership • Navigation and Wayfinding • Features Cover a Large Territory • Crisp or Diffuse • Compact or Extended • Tangible or Abstract

6. Names & Features(2) • Locations are Numerous & Various • Multiscale • Generalized • Dis-coordinated • Time-variant

8. Names & Features(3) • Names are Numerous & Various • Polynymous • Mis-spelled • Multilingual • Time-variant

9. Names & Features(4) Lake Bigler, thru 1920s Lake Bonpland (also Bondland), thru 1890s Da-ow-a-ga, thru 1850s

12. Feature Types (1) • Dependable Type System • Because Features are “Objects” • Because Human Mind Categorizes • Types present in Taxonomy • Hierarchy is Natural in Environment • Because Human Mind Categorizes

13. Feature Types(2) – Examples Cultural Environment • Nations -> States -> Provinces -> Districts

14. Feature Types(2) - Examples • Physical Environment • Watersources: Springs-->Seeps • Watercourses: Rivers-->Streams-->Creeks • Waterbodies: Lakes-->Ponds-->Sloughs ?Glaciers

15. Fundaments (1) • Definition: Gazetteer A spatial dictionary of named & typed features in the environment • Implications • Features uniquely identified • Searchable by name and type • Also searchable geospatially

16. Fundaments (2) • Duplicates: An approximate notion • Firm types, ±close in hierarchy • Locations ±close dependent on scale • Names ±close dependent on language … or not at all • All aspects variant in time

17. Fundaments (3) • Database Implications / Support • Custom Datatypes • Hierarchy • Geometry • Multiple Attribution (unlimited) • Names • Locations • Efficient Geospatial Processing

18. Approach(1) • Independent Measures of Duplicates • 1. Type Thesaurus Metrics • Inter-feature: hierarchy, explicit linkages • 2. Geospatial Metrics • Intra-feature: size, compactness, … • Inter-feature: distance, overlap, … • 3. Geonomial Metrics • Intra-feature: NL translation [not considered yet] • Intra-feature: stemming, soundex, substitution

19. Approach(2) • Unified Assessment of Duplicates • Weighted Combination of Measures • 1 Type • 2 Location(s) • 3 Name(s) • Geographic Visualization, over Maps • Final Authority of Human Cataloger

20. Gazetteer “Duplicates”Processing Cycle random features prep grouped features rework

21. Gazetteer “Duplicates”Processing Cycle random features prep grouped features rework

22. random features prep grouped features weigh accepted suspended featuredatabase Gazetteer “Duplicates”Processing Cycle

23. random features prep grouped features weigh accepted suspended featuredatabase Gazetteer “Duplicates”Processing Cycle review

24. Gazetteer “Duplicates”Processing Cycle random features prep grouped features rework weigh review accepted suspended post featuredatabase reject trash

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