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Comprehensive Review of Computer Components and Software Applications

This final chapter overview delves into essential computer components, including input devices, output devices, and the system unit, highlighting their roles in computing. It discusses storage and communication devices alongside the advantages and disadvantages of using computers, such as speed, reliability, health risks, and environmental impacts. The chapter also covers varying categories of computers, the importance of internet addresses, and the principles of web publishing. A focus on application software types, including business and communications tools, rounds out the chapter's insights into the digital landscape.

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Comprehensive Review of Computer Components and Software Applications

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  1. Review Topic for Final

  2. Chapter 1 • Five components of a computer • Input Device • Output Device • System Unit • Storage Device • Communications Device • Advantages of using computers • Speed • Reliability • Consistency • Storage • Communications

  3. Chapter 1 • Disadvantages of using computers • Health Risks • Violation of Privacy • Public Safety • Impact on Labor Force • Impact on Environment • What is Green computing? • Software (Program) • System Software • Operating System • Utility Program • Application Software

  4. Chapter 1 • Seven categories of computers • Personal computers • Mobile computers and mobile devices • Game consoles • Servers • Mainframes • Supercomputers • Embedded computers • Elements of an Information System • Hardware, Software, Data, People, Procedures

  5. Chapter 2 • What is internet addresses? • IP address  72.14.207.99 • Domain name  www.au.edu • The World Wide Web (WWW) or Web • A Web site contains related web pages • A Web browser used to access and view Web pages • Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, Opera • A URL or Web address • http://www.au.edu

  6. Chapter 2 • Many different types of Web sites are • Portal, News, Informational, Business/Marketing, Blog, Wiki, Online Social Network, Educational, Entertainment, Advocacy, Web Application • Multimedia on the Web • Graphics, Animation, Audio, Video • Five major steps in Web publishing • Plan a Web site • Analyze and design a Web site • Create a Web site • Deploy a Web site • Maintain a Web site

  7. Chapter 2 • Three types of e-commerce • Business-to-consumer (B2C) • Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) • Business-to-business (B2B) • Other Internet Services • E-mail • Mailing Lists • Instant Messaging • Chat Rooms • VoIP • Newsgroups and Message Boards • FTP

  8. Chapter 3 • Application Software • Packaged software • Custom software • Web application • Open source software • Shareware • Freeware • Public-domain software • Business Software • Word Processing • Spreadsheet • Database

  9. Chapter 3 • Business Software • Presentation • Note Taking • Personal Information Manager • Business Software for Phones • Business Software Suites • Project Management • Accounting • Document Management • Enterprise Computing Software • Graphics and Multimedia Software • Web Applications

  10. Chapter 3 • Application Software for Communications • E-Mail • Instant Messaging • Chat Room • Text, Picture, Video Messaging • Blogging • Newsgroup/Message Board • FTP • VoIP • Video Conferencing • Learning Tools for Application Software • Online Help, Web-based training (WBT), Distance learning (DL)

  11. Chapter 4 • System Unit includes • Drive bay(s) • Power supply • Sound card • Video card • Processor • Memory • Motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit • Processor (CPU) contain • Control unit • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) • Registers

  12. Chapter 4 • Parallel processing • Massively parallel processing  Supercomputers such as artificial intelligence and weather forecasting • Binary system (0, 1) • 8 bits form a byte • A byte represents a single character • ASCII vs Unicode • Volatile memory  RAM • Nonvolatile memory  ROM, flash memory, CMOS • Memory cache stores frequently used instructions and data

  13. Chapter 4 • Expansion slot hold adapter card • Ports and Connectors • USB port • Firewire port • Bluetooth port • SCSI port • eSATA port • IrDA port • Serial port • MIDI port • Buses and Bays

  14. Chapter 5 • Input Device • Keyboard  Ergonomic keyboard • Pointing Device • Mouse • Trackball • Touchpad • Pointing Stick • Touch Screen • Microsoft Surface • Touch-sensitive pads • Pen Input • Stylus or Digital pen

  15. Chapter 5 • Game Controllers • Gamepads, Joysticks and Wheels, Light guns, Dance pads, Motion-sensing controllers • Digital Cameras • Studio cameras • Field cameras • Point-and-shoot camera • Voice Input  Voice Recognition • Video Input • Digital Video Camera  Web cam • Video Conference

  16. Chapter 5 • Scanners • Flatbed • Pen or Handheld • Sheet-fed • Drum • Optical character recognition (OCR)  Turnaround document • Optical mark recognition (OMR)  Answer sheet • MICR (magnetic ink character recognition)  Bank Check • Barcode reader • RFID reader • Magnetic stripe card readers

  17. Chapter 5 • Biometric Input Device • Fingerprint reader • Face recognition system • Hand geometry system • Voice verification system • Signature verification system • Iris recognition system • Retinal scanners

  18. Chapter 5 • Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users • Keyguard • Keyboards with larger keys • On-screen keyboard • Various pointing devices • Head-mounted pointer • Gesture recognition • Computerized implant devices

  19. Chapter 6 • Output Device : • Display Devices • LCD monitor • Plasma monitor • CRT monitor • Printers • Impact printers • Dot-matrix printer • Line printer • Nonimpact printers • Ink-jet printers, Photo printers, Laser printers, Thermal printers, Mobile printers, Label and postage printers, Plotters, Large-format printers

  20. Chapter 6 • Speakers, Headphones, Earbuds • Other output devices • Data projectors • Interactive whiteboards • Force-feedback game controllers • Tactile output • Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users • Display word instead of sound  hearing-impaired users • Increase text size or change text color  Visually impaired users • Voice output, Braille Printers  blind users

  21. Chapter 7 • Storage Devices: • Hard Disks • longitudinal recording  aligned the magnetic particles horizontally • perpendicular recording  aligned the magnetic particles vertically • Characteristics of a hard disk include • Capacity • Platters • Read/Write Heads • Cylinders • Sectors and Tracks • Revolutions per Minute • Transfer Rate, Access Time

  22. Chapter 7 • RAID  group of two or more integrated hard disks • A network attached storage (NAS) device • External hard disks • Removable hard disks • Pocket hard drives • Several types of hard disk interfaces • USB • FireWire • SATA - (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) • EIDE – (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) • SCSI – (Small Computer System Interface) • SAS – (Serial-attached SCSI)

  23. Chapter 7 • Flash Memory Storage • Solid state drives (SSDs) • Memory cards • USB flash drives • ExpressCard modules • Cloud Storage • Optical Discs • CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW • DVD-ROM • Blu-ray Disc-ROM • Other Types of Storage • Tape, Magnetic stripe cards and smart cards, Microfilm and microfiche, Enterprise storage

  24. Chapter 8 • System Software • Operating systems • Utility programs • Operating systems perform similar functions: • Start and shut down a computer • Provide a user interface • Configure devices • Cold boot vs Warm boot • Boot drive, boot disk, recovery disk • Sleep mode  save any open docs/programs to RAM then place the computer in a low-power state • Hibernate  save any open docs/programs to a hard disk then remove power from the computer

  25. Chapter 8 • User Interface • Graphical user interface (GUI) • Command-line interface • Preemptive multitasking  OS interrupts a program that is executing and passes control to another program waiting to be executed • Memory management  the use of virtual memory • Types of Operating Systems • Stand-Alone Operating Systems  Windows 7, Mac OS X, UNIX, Linux • Server Operating Systems  Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, NetWare • Embedded Operating Systems  Windows Phone 7, iPhone OS, Google Android, BlackBerry, Symbian OS

  26. Chapter 8 • Utility Programs • File manager  Windows Explorer • Search utility • Image viewer  Windows Photo Viewer • Uninstaller • Disk cleanup utility • Disk defragmenter • Backup utility • Restore utility • Screen saver • Personal firewall • Spyware remover • Adware remover

  27. Chapter 8 • Utility Programs • Filters • Web filtering software • Anti-spam programs • Phishing filters • Pop-up blockers • File compression utility  WinZip, PKZIP • Media player  Windows Media Player, iTunes • Disc burning software • Personal computer maintenance utility

  28. Chapter 9 • Uses of Computer communications • Wireless messaging services • Text messaging (SMS) • Picture messaging • Video messaging • Wireless instant messaging • Wireless Internet access points • Hot spots  Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth • Mobile wireless networks  3G, 4G • Global positioning system (GPS) • Groupware • Voice mail

  29. Chapter 9 • Uses of Computer communications • Collaborative software  Microsoft Office Live Meeting, Google Wave, WebEX • E-mail • Document management systems  Google Docs • Web services  often used in businesses because departments can communicate with each other, suppliers, vendors, and with clients • Communicate by sending XML (Extensible Markup Language) files to web services

  30. Chapter 9 • Networks • Local area network (LAN) • Wireless LAN (WLAN) • Metropolitan area network (MAN) • Wide area network (WAN) • Network architecture • Client/server network • Peer-to-peer network • P2P or File sharing network • Examples of Networking software that support P2P are BitTorrent, Kazaa, LimeWire

  31. Chapter 9 • Network topology (layout of computers and devices in communication network) • Star Network • Bus Network • Ring Network • Intranet vs Extranet • Network standard • Ethernet, Token ring, TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, UWB (ultra-wide band), IrDA, RFID, WiMAX, WAP (wireless application protocol) • Communications Over Telephone Network • Dial-up lines • Dedicated line • ISDN line (Integrated Services Digital Network)

  32. Chapter 9 • Communications Over Telephone Network • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) • FTTP (Fiber to the premises) • T-carrier line • ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) • ADSL (Asymmetric digital subscriber line) • Communications Devices • Dial-up modem • DSL modem • Cable modem • Wireless modem • Network card • Routers, Hubs, Switches

  33. Chapter 9 • Communications Channel • Latency  For best performance, latency should be low • Transmission media • Broadband media • Physical Transmission Media • Twisted-Pair Cable • Coaxial Cable • Fiber-Optic Cable • Wireless Transmission Media • Cellular radio • Microwaves • Communications satellite

  34. Chapter 10 • Database  collection of data organized for access, retrieval, and use of that data • Database software or database management system (DBMS) • Data integrity identifies the quality of the data • Valuable information should have these characteristics: • Accurate • Verifiable • Timely • Organized • Accessible • Useful • Cost-effective

  35. Chapter 10 • The Hierarchy of Data • Organized in layers • A field is the smallest unit of data • Field name  Student ID, First Name, Last Name • Field size  Student ID field contains 6 characters • Data type  Text, Numeric, Currency, Date • A record is a group of related fields • A primary key  a field that uniquely identifies each record • Maintaining Data • Add, Modify, Delete records

  36. Chapter 10 • File processing system (disadvantages) • Data redundancy • Isolated data • Database approach (advantages) • Reduce data redundancy • Improve data integrity • Share data • Allows easier access • Reduces development time • Database approach (disadvantages) • More vulnerable than data in file processing systems

  37. Chapter 10 • Database management system (DBMS) • Data dictionary • A query • Query languages, Query by example, forms, report generators • Access privileges • Techniques to restore the database • A backup • Log • Recovery utility • Continuous backup

  38. Chapter 10 • DBMS is usually based on one data model • Relational database • Each row has a primary key • Each column has a unique name • Has relationship between tables • use SQL to manage, update, and retrieve data • Object-Oriented database • Multidimensional database  data warehouse • Database Administration • Database Analyst (DA) or data modeler • Database Administrator (DBA)

  39. Chapter 11 • Cybercrime  perpetrators are: • Hackers • Crackers • Script Kiddies • Corporate Spies • Unethical employees • Cyberextortionists • Cyberterrorists • Internet and Network Attacks • Computer Virus • Worm • Trojan Horse • Rootkit

  40. Chapter 11 • The symptoms of infected computers • Common way computers become infected is through opening infected e-mail attachments • Antivirus program  update virus definition regularly • Botnet  a group of compromised computers connected to a network • Denial of service attack (DoS attack) • Back door • Spoofing • Firewall and intrusion detection software can protect a network’s resources from intrusion

  41. Chapter 11 • Unauthorized access and use • Access Controls : identification and authentication • Usernames and passwords • Possessed objects • Biometric devices • Security measures to reduce hardware theft? • Software theft • Software piracy • Information theft • Encryption • Digital signature

  42. Chapter 11 • Security techniques to prevent information theft • Digital Certificates • Transport Layer Security (TLS) • Secure HTTP • VPN • Factors that lead to system failure • Surge protectors and UPS can help protect from system failures caused by electrical power variations • Backups • Full backup • Selective backup

  43. Chapter 11 • How to improve security of wireless networks? • Wireless access point should not broadcast SSID • Change default SSID • Configure a WAP for certain devices only • Use WPA or WPA2 security standard • Health Concerns of Computer Use • Ethics and Society • Information accuracy • Intellectual property rights • Codes of conduct • Green computing • Information privacy

  44. Chapter 14 • Types of enterprises • Retail, Manufacturing, Service, Wholesale, Government, Educational, Transportation • Four categories of users in an enterprise • Executive Management • Middle Management • Operational Management • Nonmanagement Employees • Tools and techniques used by managers for decision-making process • Business intelligence (BI) • Business process management • Business process automation

  45. Chapter 14 • Managers coordinate resources by performing four activities; • Planning  Organizing  Leading  Controlling • Information Systems in the enterprise • Accounting software • Billing software • Financial software • Human resources information system (HRIS) • Employee relationship management systems • Computer-aided design (CAD) • Computer-aided engineering (CAE) • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) • Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

  46. Chapter 14 • Information Systems in the enterprise • Material Requirements Planning (MRP) • Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) • Quality control system • Marketing information system • Sales force automation (SFA) • Distribution systems • Customer interaction management (CIM)

  47. Chapter 14 • General purpose information systems  used by one or more functional units • Office Information System • Transaction Processing System • Management Information System • Decision Support System  executive information system • Expert System : knowledge base, inference rules • Integrated information systems • Customer relationship management (CRM) system • Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system • Content management system (CMS)

  48. Chapter 14 • Some technologies used in enterprise • Portal • Data warehouses • Electronic data interchange • Extranet • Web services • Document management systems • Workflow • Virtual private networks • Server virtualization and Storage virtualization • Cloud computing and Grid computing

  49. Chapter 14 • Enterprise hardware • Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) • Network attached storage (NAS) • Storage area network (SAN) • Blade server • Thin client • Requirements for enterprise hardware include • High availability • Scalability • Interoperability • Backup Procedures • Full, differential, incremental, selective, continuous

  50. Chapter 14 • Disaster recovery plan contains • Emergency plan  specifies steps to be taken immediately after a disaster strikes • Backup plan  specifies how to resume information processing, should specify location of alternate computer facility • Recovery plan  specifies actions to be taken to restore full information processing • Test plan  contains information for simulating various levels of disasters (the best is to simulate without advance notice)

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