USA in the Gilded & Industrialization Age: 1870-1900

1. USA in the Gilded & Industrialization Age: 1870-1900 Industrialization Ranching, Mining, Farming Reconstruction & Rise of Jim Crow

2. USA in the Gilded & Industrialization Age: 1870-1900 The South: After the failure of Reconstruction in 1877, the South entered the Jim Crow era

3. Sharecropping & Segregation

4. USA in the Gilded & Industrialization Age: 1870-1900 The West: Farmers, ranchers, & miners closed the last of the frontier at the expense of Indians

5. Mining was the 1st attraction to the West; Miners created “instant towns” in areas where gold or silver was discovered

6. Cattle Ranchers on the “Open Range”

7. The Farming Bonanza • In 1862, the U.S. government began the Homestead Act which encouraged farmers to settle in the West by offering 160 acres of land to families who promised to live there for 5 years A pioneer sod house

8. Irish workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the eastern section Chinese workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the western leg 1sttranscontinental railroad connected the west coast to eastern cities in 1869

10. Populists • Populists were westerners who wanted • “Free silver” (Bi-metalism) • Regulation of railroads • Income tax • Direct election of senators

11. Populists saw silver as the answer to America’s problems, offering free and unlimited coinage of silver. The republican party disagreed and wanted to remain with the gold standard.

12. 4/4/16 OBJ: The students will...Be able to understand the major ideas and beliefs of the Populist Party; Understand the purpose of party platforms; Be able to explain the meaning of an “allegory” and how it can be used to convey factual information; Be able to identify the major figures in the Populist movement and their significance WARM-UP: Pick up the “WIZARD OF OZ ALLEGORY” HANDOUT beside the “Homework Tray”. Using the “Word Bank” found on the bottom of the handout try to fill in the blanks without notes, textbook or internet. REVIEW: WARM-UP CLASS VIEWING: Wizard of Oz Video Clips: http://bit.ly/1Ltd8sG CLASS POWERPOINT REVIEW: WIZARD OF OZ ALLERGORY

13. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz was written as an allegory to the situation that was happening in the Midwest. Every main character can be traced to either a particular person or group of people. Even the word “Oz” is used to represent the measurement of gold.

14. Wizard of Oz Allegory Populist party: political party formed in 1890 to address the needs of farmers. Concerns: lower tariffs, increased currency in circulation (coinage of silver)government regulation of railroads, direct election of senators. Their candidate for President: William Jennings Bryan An allegory: a story which uses people or things to represent more general ideas.

15. Symbols in Wizard of Oz Dorothy: represents the “Everyman”; the general public Yellow Brick Road: the gold standard; dollar is backed by gold Scarecrow: farmers; no brains—need education Tinman: factory workers; seen by employers as machines. Heart represents the humanity that has been taken away thru industrialization Cowardly Lion: William Jennings Bryan; needs courage to become a true leader of the people; the king of the jungle. Wicked Witch of the East: Eastern influence; power of banks and corporations and industry. Holds power over powerless. Munchkins: the “little people”; the powerless; the middle classes

16. Good Witch of the North: represents goodness and success and morality Social Gospel, abolition, philanthropy WW of the West: forces of nature. Farmers need rain, but nature withheld rain; Dorothy kills the witch with water. Water: represents rain needed by farmers to subdue forces of nature Winged monkeys: Native Americans. Not evil by nature, but aggressive in the face of losing their land. In the book, their chief tells Dorothy: Once we were a free people, living happily in the great forest. This was many years ago before Oz came out of the clouds to rule over us. Emerald City: Washington, D.C.—Center of power. Wizard: President—era of “do-nothing” presidents. Gov’t was heavily influenced by big business. Pres. was a figurehead, just a man.

17. Dorothy’s slippers: in the movie they are ruby, but in the book they are silver. Represents the Populists desire for the free coinage of silver. Glenda tells Dorothy: You didn’t realize the power of the slippers; they were on your feet all along. You had the power to grant your wish. Populists believed silver would solve their problems. Wizard’s gifts: Scarecrow—brain: A&M colleges for farmers’ education Tin Man—watch/heart: 8-hr day for labor; beating represents heart to remind employers they are men, not machines Cowardly Lion—medal to demonstrate courage. To William Jennings Bryan, the Democrats offer the presidential candidacy.

18. Native Americans in the West: Major Battles & Reservations • Little Big Horn—Sioux surrounded & killed US Army division led by Custer • Wounded Knee—Indians were killed to stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual

19. The Original Native Americans Indian tribes retained only a few reservations set aside by the U.S. government

20. USA in the Gilded & Industrialization Age: 1870-1900 The North: Experienced an industrial revolution, mass immigration, & urbanization

21. America became the world’s leader in railroad, steel, & oil production

22. “Big Business” • Monopolies (trusts): Companies that controlled the majority of one industry: • Rockefeller’s Standard Oil • Carnegie’s U.S. Steel • Vanderbilt’s railroads

24. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?

25. “New Immigration” & Urbanization

27. Ellis Island was the primary receiving port for _________ immigrants. Asian immigrants were primarily processed at ______ Island in the San Francisco Bay. European Angel

28. Working & Living Conditions

30. The Thirteenth Amendment ended 32 • slavery  • Black codes  • the Civil War  • Jim Crow Laws 9

31. The court case that established the "separate but equal" doctrine was   32 • Marbury vs. Madison. • Dred Scott vs. Sanford. • Miranda vs. Arizona. • Plessy vs. Ferguson. 9

32. Poor, run-down urban apartments were also called: 32 • slums • tenements • suburbs • skyscrapers 9

33. Outlawing the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the 32 • Battle of Little Big Horn • Battle of Potowanamie Creek • Massacre at Sand Creek. • Battle of Wounded Knee. 9

34. The two factors that did most to encourage western settlement after the Civil War were 32 • the gold rush & cattle economy • the Homestead Act & the railroad • removal of the buffalo & Native Americans from the plains • the removal of the Indians & the gold rush 9

35. Which population trend occurred in the U.S. from 1860 to 1920? 32 • fewer Eastern & Southern European immigrants coming to America • the growth of the suburbs • people moved from the North to the South • growth in American cities 9

36. 5 0 Which of the following contributed MOST to the forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890? • the desire to establish military posts • the building of new canals • the westward shift of the frontier • the desire for more land to grow cotton

38. 5 0 According to the pie charts on the previous slide, how did immigration to the United States change between 1854 and 1907? • The percentage of immigrants coming from Germany and Britain gradually increased. • By 1907, Russia replaced Britain as the source of the greatest number of immigrants. • The total number of immigrants coming to the United States declined. • The percentage of immigrants coming from southern and eastern Europe increased dramatically.