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Storage

Storage. Memory. RAM Virtual Memory Cache Memory ROM Motherboard. Inside the System Unit. Memory: CPU’s Electronic Scratchpad. Memory Capacities kilobyte (K or KB), megabyte (M or MB), gigabyte (G or GB) Random-Access Memory (RAM) store programs & data being used

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Storage

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  1. Storage

  2. Memory • RAM • Virtual Memory • Cache Memory • ROM • Motherboard

  3. Inside the System Unit Memory: CPU’s Electronic Scratchpad • Memory Capacities • kilobyte (K or KB), • megabyte (M or MB), • gigabyte (G or GB) • Random-Access Memory (RAM) • store programs & data being used • each memory location has an address • volatile • more is better Module A

  4. Inside the System Unit Random Access Memory Module A data In RAM, each memory location has an address, just like a post office box.

  5. SIMMs • you can increase your personal computer’s RAM by buying extra memory chips to install in your memory board or by purchasing a Single IN-Line Memory Module, SIMMs, a board that contains memory chips • A SIMM board plugs into the computer’s main circuit board (cheaper and more efficient than single chips)

  6. Virtual Memory • enables a computer to execute programs that require more memory than is in RAM by dividing it into smaller pieces and use part of the hard disk as an extension

  7. Cache Memory • a specialize chip used with the computer’s memory • faster more expensive than RAM chips • stores most frequently used data and instructions • newer PCs have cache (L1 and L2) within the microprocessor chip • Usually L1 is smaller (128K) than L2 (can go up to 512K)

  8. Inside the System Unit Memory • Read-Only Memory (ROM) • non-volatile • ROM BIOS, flash BIOS • CMOS • used to store startup configuration options • each memory location has an address • volatile Module A

  9. Motherboard • large circuit board which contains the microprocessor • can hold expansion cards • ports - parallel (printers) and serial (modems)

  10. Inside the System Unit Plug and Play Module A Microsoft and Intel created the Plug and Play (PnP) standard. This standard requires special chips on the motherboard, compatible hardware that is expressly compatible with the Plug and Play standard, and a system BIOS that supports Plug and Play.

  11. Speed and Power • speed is always associated with computers • power is a derivative of speed plus other factors • what make a computer go faster, there are several factors • memory size, microprocessor speed, bus line size, cache

  12. Data Storage • Storage Concepts: The Basics • Disks and Disk Drives: Putting a Spin on it • Magnetic Tape: Still Useful • Optical Storage Media: Seeing the Light Module B

  13. Storage Concepts: The Basics Data Storage Module B Memory versus Storage

  14. Disks & Disk Drives: Putting a Spin on it Data Storage sectors Before a disk can be used for storage, it must be formatted Module B cluster tracks

  15. Floppy Disks Data Storage write protection tab liner plastic casing disk Module sector hole B spindle hole read/write opening sliding metal shutter A 3 1/2 inch disk

  16. Hard Disks Data Storage • How Hard Disks Work • Storage Capacities • Physical Performance • Disk Caches • Hard Disk Interfaces • Hard Disk Maintenance • Backup Procedures • Removable Hard Disks Module B

  17. Magnetic Disks • both electrical and mechanical • FAT (File Allocation Table) • speed • storage capacity

  18. Disk Drives • interface to connect to motherboard • IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) • SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)

  19. Hard Disk Interfaces Data Storage Module B

  20. Removable Hard Disk Data Storage Module B Many new computers come equipped with a Zip drive, a removable hard disk that uses 100MB cartridges. The cartridges cost about $10 each.

  21. Magnetic Tape: Still Useful Data Storage Quarter-inch cartridge (QIC) tape drives work with cartridges that can hold more than 10MB of data Module B

  22. Optical Storage Media: Seeing the Light Data Storage • CD-ROM • CD-R • CD-RW Module B CD-ROM disks are prerecorded and cannot be altered. CD-ROM provides an excellent way to distribute large amounts of data at little cost.

  23. Optical Storage Media: Seeing the Light Data Storage • DVD • DVD-ROM • DVD-RAM Module B DVD-ROM drives are expected to replace CD-ROM drives as the standard personal computer equipment in the near future

  24. Questions

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