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The Gowganda Formation

Presentation Breakdown:. Introduction: Background InformationGlacial Depositional EnvironmentsClimatic Conditions Importance of DepositsConclusionReferences. Background Information:. Dates back to the early ProterozoicBelongs to the Huronian Cobalt SeriesLocated North of Lake HuronTraces found in the Grenville, Paleozoic, and Superior Province, however, makes up a large portion of the Southern ProvinceBetween 600-1700m thickTwo divisions: Coleman

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The Gowganda Formation

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    1. The Gowganda Formation BY Karen, Linda, Jany, & Nick

    3. Presentation Breakdown: Introduction: Background Information Glacial Depositional Environments Climatic Conditions Importance of Deposits Conclusion References

    4. Background Information: Dates back to the early Proterozoic Belongs to the Huronian Cobalt Series Located North of Lake Huron Traces found in the Grenville, Paleozoic, and Superior Province, however, makes up a large portion of the Southern Province Between 600-1700m thick Two divisions: Coleman & Firstbook member

    7. Depositional Environment: Coleman Member: Diamictite, laminated argillite with dropstones, and normally graded sandstone beds Terrestrial to lucastrine Diamictites are deposits of continental glaciation Firstbook Member: laminated argillite, with occurrences wavy sandstone, normal-graded sandstone, and parallel/cross laminated sandstone beds Glacier marine Fine grain units are deep water deposits by post glacial rise of sea level causing shoreline to migrate Northward

    9. Climatic Conditions: Alternating layers in the formation are separated by bands of distinct colour and texture Light layers: winter deposition, smaller clasts settled out of the still water of an ice-covered glacial-margin lake. Darker layers: summer deposition, coarser grained sediments in an open body of water receiving glacial runoff. Thickness of sedimentary layers are related to annual climatic variability & temporal variation (rainfall & temperature may have affected sedimentary layering in argillite sequence)

    10. Climatic Conditions: Consists of metamorphosed sedimentary rock: diamictite (likely formed as lodgment till under glaciers) Argillites formed in a glacial setting and sedimentary layering produced by annual climate cycles Dropstones & breccia indicate seasonal freeze-thaw cycles

    12. Importance of Deposits: The Gowganda area is known for its economical resourcefulness The Gowganda formation is a popular site for mining, some of these minerals include: Silver, cobalt, copper, and minor nickel bearing carbonate & quartz veins Of the given region, the Gowganda formation hosts the majority of the gold deposits

    13. Conclusion: There are various theories put out in search of describing the truth of the Gowganda formation The Gowganda Series is a complex formation which is still under study and much remains in question The information that we have is based on numerous findings, however much of the Huronian Gowganda formation still remains uncovered By continuing study of the Huronian Series, it helps us grasp a better understanding of the processes which helped shape our environment

    15. References: Debicki, R.L. 1990. Stratigraphy, Paleoenvironment and Economic Potential of the Huronian Supergroup in the Southern Cobalt Embayment. Toronto: Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. Fedo, M.a; Young, Grant M.b; Nesbitt, H. 1997. Paleoclimatic control on the composition of the Paleoproterozoic Serpent Formation, Huronian Supergroup, Canada: a greenhouse to icehouse transition. Precambrian Research 86 (3-4): 201-223. Junnila, R.M. 1990. Precambrian Geology Yarrow and Doon Townships with Emphasis on the Huronian Supergroup. Toronto: Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. MBMI Resource Inc. (2005). [Online] McMillan. Available: http://www.mbmiresources.com/properties/mcmillan.asp [2005, February 3]. McLennan, S.M., Simonette, A., Goldstein, S.L.. 2000. Nd and Pb isotopic evidence for provenance and post-depositional alteration of the Paleoproterozoic Huronian Supergroup, Canada. Precambrian Research 102 (3-4): 263-278. Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. (2005). [Online] Government of Ontario. Available: http://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/mndm/mines/resgeol/northeast/kirkland_lake/geo_e.asp [2005, February 4].

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