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hum2461 Humanities of Latin America

http://hum2461.wordpress.com/. hum2461 Humanities of Latin America. Home Homework Lectures 2014 Quizzes Research Paper Santa Fe Announcements Syllabus 2014. Today’ s Agenda Day 7 Week 4. Attendance CANVAS & HUM2461.wordpress.com POPOL VUH Notes and Interpretation

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hum2461 Humanities of Latin America

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  1. http://hum2461.wordpress.com/ hum2461Humanities of Latin America HomeHomeworkLectures 2014QuizzesResearch Paper Santa Fe AnnouncementsSyllabus 2014

  2. Today’s Agenda Day 7 Week 4 • Attendance • CANVAS & HUM2461.wordpress.com • POPOL VUH • Notes and Interpretation • 2nd Assignment  Week 4: HW#2 due on Thursday, Jan. 30, 2014 • Pop Quiz

  3. TEOTIHUACAN CHICHEN ITZA AZTEC TIKAL QUICHE

  4. Reminder: Maya Periods Pre-Classic: 3500 BCE – 353 Classic: 353 – 900 Post-Classic: 900 – 1523 (1697)

  5. Mayas Terminology religio mythic stylization / realism admiratio horror vacui Syncretism depending on period: Early: none Late: lots Maya art

  6. TIMELINE Maya Civilization

  7. Notes on PopolVuh The Maya Sacred Book is the book of the Quiché People

  8. Writers of the PopolVuh What did the Mayas write on?

  9. "writing" (tz’ib’) + "he who writes" (ah tz’ib’) _____________________________________ It is a description of the act of writing

  10. Notes on Popol Vuh (1) 2500 BCE – 1550 CE: oral text Myth: "gift of Quetzalcóatl to humans" 353 CE: Mayas invent 365-day calendar ca. 1550: Maya Quiché Diego Reynoso, town councilman Santa Cruz Quiché, Guatemala ca. 1700: Fr. Francisco Ximénez Spanish translation Newberry Library, Chicago

  11. Notes on Popol Vuh (1a) Three parts: Part 1  9chapters Part 2 14 chapters Part 3  5 chapters The oldest literary/religious printed work in Latin America (16th Century edition). Oral text (between 2500 B.C.E. and 1550 C.E.)

  12. Notes on PopolVuh (1b) Religious (creation and gods) [Authority]. 4 Codex (books) found The Paris Codex (1930s) The Grolier Codex (1970s) The Dresden Codex (1810, Alexander von Humbolt) The Madrid Codex (Under possession of Juan de Tro y Ortolano in Madrid in 1866)

  13. The Peresianus Codex (France)

  14. The Grolier Codex (Mexico,1970s)

  15. The Codex Dresdensis (Germany)

  16. The Tro-Cortesianus Codex (Spain)

  17. Maya Gods

  18. Notes on Popol Vuh (2) Retranslation into Maya Quiché Opening 2 lines: Are, u xe 'ohertzih. Varal K'iche, u bi. • This is the root of the former word. • Here is Quiché by name.

  19. Notes on Popol Vuh (3) Genre: near-heroic myth and history no single hero myth and history of a people (Quiché Maya) origins to 1550 Coherent literary work order, scope, unity, episodes PopolVuh: totality of the Maya Epoch Next Epoch: "Holy Cross"

  20. Notes on PopolVuh (4) 4 Mythic Cycles: 1stCycle: wood "men" puppets (to line 820) 2ndCycle: destruction of 7 Parrot & sons (l. 1674) 3rdCycle: Hero twins become Sun & Moon (l. 4708) 4thCycle: ½ of whole text (men learn to pray) first Fathers to present Heart of Heaven & Earth

  21. Notes on PopolVuh (5) Quiché people in 4th creation First Fathers, from corn by creator Quiché: most powerful Maya in Guatemala in 1550 Modern Quiché call their language Cakchiquel Quiché society: patriarchal, patrilineal, patrilocal "God" in Quiché: Dios qahavixel Public religious drama / private divination

  22. Notes on PopolVuh (6) Quiché (Yucatán, Aztec) calendar: sacred mystery Quiché "count of days" 260 days (13 deified numbers x 20 days) Solar calendar: 18 months x 20 days) + 5 year cycles only begin on 4 days (of 20 days) 13-year cycle x 4 beginning days = 52 years

  23. Notes on PopolVuh (7) Toltec / Aztec influence 900 – 1500 military & religious terms Place: Utatlán, Guatemala (sacred geography) Rivers, mountains, highlands, volcanoes, valleys Quiché came from Tula (myth) PopolVuh: chronicle of one lineage: Kaveks of Quiché Pedro de Alvarado conquered Quichés 1524-1525

  24. Notes on PopolVuh (8) Three parts: Part 1  9chapters Part 2 14 chapters Part 3  5 chapters PART I CHAPTERS 1-9

  25. Part 1: Chapter1  Just water. Creation of FLORA begins. Heart of Heaven are 3 gods: 1. CaculháHuracán 2. ChipiCaculhá 3. Raxa-Caculhá. Chapter 2  Creation of FAUNA begins. -- Forefathers give ROLES and MISSIONS to animals. 1stDESTRUCTION: FAUNA. THEN IT COMES 1st creation of man: made of mud. 2nd DESTRUCTION: mud man. THEN IT COMES 2nd creation of man: made of wood (tzité) Chapter 3  3rd DESTRUCTION: wooden man. Chapter 4  VUCUB-CAQUIX reigned. Not face of SUN or MOON, JUST HIM.

  26. Part 1: Chapter5 Hunahpú and Xbalanqué (the twin brothers) appeared. What learned VUCUB-CAQUIX is superficial, ambitious and egocentric. “not become vain” Chapter 6  Description of the DESTRUCTION of Vucub-Caquix and his two sons: Zipacnáand Cabracán. VUCUB-CAQUIX was injured by a discharge from Hun-Hunahpú's blowgun which struck him squarely in the jaw. Chapter 7  Story about Zipacnáand the four hundred boys. Chapter 8  Death of Zipacná. Chapter9  Death of Cabracán“Lure him to where the sun rises” Birth of Hunahpú and Xbalanqué (the twin brothers).

  27. The Hero Twins became catfish

  28. "This is a good death for them, and it would also be good to grind their bones on a stone, just as corn Is refined to flour, and refine them separately, and then: Spill them Into the river, sprinkle them on the water’s way among the mountains, small and great, you will say, and then you will have carried out the instructions we’ve named for you," said Hunahpú and Xbalanqué. When they gave these instructions they already knew they would die. ...After that they summoned Xulu and Pacan, who kept their word: the bones went just where the boys had wanted them. Once the Xibalbans had done the divination, the bones were ground and spilled In the river, but they didn’t go far ... they just sank to the bottom of the water." ...AND ON THE FIFTH DAY THEY REAPPEARED. They were seen in the water by the people. The two of them looked like channel catfish when their faces were seen by Xibalba.”

  29. Then they rose up in the midst of the light, and instantly they were lifted into the sky. One was given the sun, the other, the moon. Then the arch of heaven and the face of the earth were lighted. And they dwelt in heaven. (PopolVuh)

  30. Sun head from Rosalila Copán

  31. Another oral text The myth of Quetzacóatl return Some of the oral texts kept by the Mayas from the 15th century is found the return of the god Quetzacóatl.

  32. Quetzalcóatl(968 – 1025) 968 Quetzalcóatl to Tula arrived from east light skin red beard priest-king became demi-god monotheism civilization peace defeated by war priest-god

  33. TopiltzinQuetzalcóatl (968-1025) 968 Quetzalcóatl to Tula defeated by war priest-god 1000 Quetzalcóatl from Tula to ChichénItzá Kukulkán (in Maya language) did same for Mayan capital defeated by war priest-god 1025 Quetzalcóatl from ChichénItzá on boat sailed east promised to return similar in PopolVuh Tezcatlipoca

  34. 2nd Assignment • Week 4: HW#2 due on Thursday Submit HW on CANVAS

  35. http://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/codices/

  36. See you Thursday Hasta el jueves À jeudi Até à quinta feira

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